阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“I was born in 1950 in a small farming village. Every morning I walked three miles to school, even in the snow.” What type of source is this most likely?
A bus timetable shows buses leaving the hospital at 7:15, 7:45, 8:15 and 8:45 a.m. The trip to the train station takes 25 minutes. A nurse must catch a 9:00 a.m. train. Which is the latest bus that gets the nurse to the station in time?
某诊所一个上午接诊的患者年龄为 15, 6, 15, 13, 22, 5, 13, 31, 15。众数 M 是多少?
哪个最简分数或带分数等于小数 1.238?点击它。
成人的脊髓通常终止于哪里?
男性腹股沟管内通过的结构是什么?
哪种激素增加肾集合管对水的重吸收?
为什么左心室衰竭会引起肺水肿?
Why do many plants close their stomata on hot, dry days?
A new infectious agent passes through filters that trap bacteria, does not grow on nutrient agar and multiplies only inside living cells. What is it most likely to be?
How many molecules are in 2 mol of carbon dioxide?
Carbon-12 and carbon-14 react in exactly the same way in chemical reactions. Why?
Choose the correct verb in American English: “The committee ___ once a month.”
Which revision removes the ambiguous pronoun? “When Jason told Ben the news, he was upset.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse gave an antipyretic for the high temperature.”
What does the term haematoma mean?
答案: C · A primary source, such as a memoir
A first-hand account by someone who lived the events is a primary source. A textbook summarising others’ accounts would be secondary.
答案: D · The 8:15 bus
The 8:15 bus arrives at 8:40, before 9:00. The 8:45 bus arrives at 9:10, too late.
答案: M = 15
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: 1 119/500
分数、小数和百分数是书写同一个数的三种方式。分数 → 小数:分子除以分母。小数 → 百分数:乘以 100(小数点右移两位)。百分数 → 小数:除以 100。小数 → 分数:把数字写在 10、100 或 1000 上(每一位小数一个零)再约分。
答案: A · 大约在 L1–L2 椎骨水平
成人脊髓在 L1–L2 附近以脊髓圆锥终止。其下是马尾,所以腰椎穿刺在 L3–L4 或 L4–L5 进行。
答案: B · 精索
腹股沟管在男性中容纳精索,在女性中容纳子宫圆韧带。股血管则从腹股沟韧带下方经过。
答案: C · 抗利尿激素(ADH)
垂体后叶释放的 ADH(血管升压素)插入水通道蛋白-2,使集合管对水通透,从而浓缩尿液。
答案: C · 左心房压升高使肺毛细血管静水压升高
衰竭的左心室使压力向后传到左心房和肺静脉。毛细血管静水压升高,把液体推入肺间质和肺泡。
答案: D · To reduce water loss
Closing the stomata reduces water loss by transpiration and helps the plant avoid wilting. The cost is that less CO₂ can enter, so photosynthesis slows.
答案: C · A virus
Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, so they pass through bacterial filters. They cannot grow on non-living media because they need a host cell's machinery to reproduce.
答案: A · 1.20 × 10²⁴
2 mol × 6.02 × 10²³ molecules/mol = 12.04 × 10²³ = 1.20 × 10²⁴ molecules.
答案: D · They have the same number of protons and electrons
Isotopes of one element have the same number of protons and therefore the same electron arrangement, which controls chemistry. They differ only in neutrons, which affects mass and nuclear stability.
答案: A · meets
In American English a collective noun acting as one unit takes a singular verb: “The committee meets.” British English also allows “The committee meet” when the members are thought of as individuals.
答案: A · Ben was upset when Jason told him the news.
A names Ben as the person who was upset, and “him” can only refer to Ben. B and C keep the unclear “he”, and D is ungrammatical.
答案: C · A drug that reduces fever
An antipyretic is a medicine that lowers a raised body temperature.
答案: B · A collection of blood in the tissues
A haematoma (US: hematoma) is a localised collection of clotted blood outside the vessels, such as a large bruise.
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