阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Some people say that cats are unfriendly. My cat, Pepper, waits by the door every evening and sits on my lap while I read.” How does the writer use Pepper?
“The ward needs at least one nurse for every four patients. Tonight there are 22 patients.” What is the smallest number of nurses needed?
把 7.8 km 换算成厘米 x。
一个圆柱的半径为 8 in,高为 18 in。取 π ≈ 3.14,求它的体积 V。
哪个结构产生大部分脑脊液?
腓骨颈处腓总神经损伤通常会导致:
射血分数如何计算?
一名糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者呼吸深快。血气应呈现什么模式?
Many vitamins act as coenzymes. What does this mean?
The coding part of an mRNA is 900 bases long, including the start codon and the stop codon. How many amino acids are in the protein?
A plastic block has a density of 0.8 g/cm³. What happens when it is placed in water (density 1.0 g/cm³)?
What is the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃ (N = 14, H = 1, O = 16; molar mass 80 g/mol)?
Which sentence uses quotation marks correctly?
Which sentence uses the past participle correctly?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The older man had an episode of syncope in the shower.”
What does the term rhinoplasty mean?
答案: A · As an example that goes against the claim
The writer describes a friendly cat to argue against the claim that cats are unfriendly. One cat cannot prove a general rule, but it serves as a counter-example.
答案: D · 6
22 ÷ 4 = 5.5. Five nurses would cover only 20 patients, so at least 6 nurses are needed.
答案: x = 780000 cm
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: V = 3617 in³
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
答案: A · 脉络丛
脑室内的脉络丛分泌大部分脑脊液。脑脊液经蛛网膜颗粒重吸收入静脉血。
答案: A · 足下垂
腓总神经支配足背屈肌和外翻肌。腓骨颈处损伤导致足下垂和跨阈步态。足底由胫神经支配。
答案: A · 每搏输出量 ÷ 舒张末期容积
射血分数是充盈的心室中每搏射出的血量所占的比例。正常值约为 55–70%。
答案: D · pH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
酮酸消耗碳酸氢盐,引起代谢性酸中毒。Kussmaul 呼吸作为呼吸代偿降低了 PaCO₂。
答案: D · They help enzymes carry out their reactions
Coenzymes are small organic molecules, often made from vitamins, that bind to enzymes and help them work. This is why vitamin deficiencies can block important reactions.
答案: B · 299
900 ÷ 3 = 300 codons. The start codon (AUG) codes for methionine, but the stop codon codes for no amino acid, so the protein has 299 amino acids.
答案: C · It floats
An object less dense than the liquid floats. Because 0.8 g/cm³ is less than 1.0 g/cm³, the block floats on water.
答案: A · 35%
NH₄NO₃ contains 2 N atoms: 2 × 14 = 28 g per 80 g. 28 ÷ 80 × 100 = 35%. Counting only one N gives 17.5%.
答案: D · The nurse said, “Please take a seat.”
A direct quotation is enclosed in a pair of quotation marks, introduced by a comma, and in American style the period goes inside.
答案: C · She has written three essays this term.
The past participle of “write” is “written”. “Wrote” is the simple past and is not used after “has”.
答案: D · Fainting
Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.
答案: B · Surgical repair or reshaping of the nose
Rhin/o (nose) + -plasty (surgical repair or reshaping). Rhinitis is inflammation of the nose.
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