1公式与方法
阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
护理预科数学(入学考试)
- 运算顺序
- 括号 → 指数 → × ÷(从左到右)→ + −(从左到右)
- 分数
- a/b + c/d = (ad + bc)/bd, a/b × c/d = ac/bd, a/b ÷ c/d = a/b × d/c
- 百分比
- N 的 p% = (p/100)·N;百分数 = 部分/整体 × 100
- 百分比变化
- (新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100
- 先打折,再加税
- 价格 × (1 − d/100) × (1 + t/100)
- 比例
- a/b = c/d → ad = bc
- 平均数、中位数、众数、极差
- 总和/个数;排序后的中间值;出现最频繁的值;最大值 − 最小值
- 长度、容量、时间
- 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft, 1 gal = 4 qt = 16 cups, 1 h = 60 min
- 温度
- °F = °C·9/5 + 32, °C = (°F − 32)·5/9; 1 °C 的变化量 = 1.8 °F
- 面积
- 长方形 l·w, 三角形 ½·b·h, 圆 π·r²
- 周长与圆周长
- 长方形 2l + 2w, 圆 π·d = 2π·r
- 体积
- 长方体 l·w·h, 圆柱 π·r²·h; 1000 cm³ = 1 L
- 速率
- 距离 ÷ 时间(mph 或 km/h 的时间以小时计)
方法
- 先读最后一句:到底问的是什么,要什么单位或形式(最简形式、精确到分、保留一位小数)?
- 把数写成同一种形式:带分数化成假分数,百分数化成小数,小时和分钟化成同一个单位。
- 选择方法:表达式用 PEMDAS,分数加减用公分母,百分数用部分 ÷ 整体 × 100,比例用交叉相乘,方程用逆运算。
- 一次做一步,并把每一行都写下来;只在最后才取整。
- 用估算检查答案的大小,方程的答案要代回去检验。
护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
护理入学考试化学
方法
- 找出已知和所求:粒子、公式、状态变化、浓度、pH 或质量。
- 利用元素周期表:原子序数给出质子数,族给出价电子数和常见的离子电荷。
- 只用系数来配平方程式,逐个元素配平,最后配氧和氢。
- 对于量的计算,按质量 → 摩尔 → 摩尔比 → 摩尔 → 质量的路径,溶液则用 M = mol/L 和 C₁V₁ = C₂V₂。
- 记住 pH 是对数标度:一个单位相差 10 倍。
英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
方法
- 选择形式之前,先找出句子的主语和动词。
- 去掉短语(of the …, along with …)和多余的人称(you and …),再检验一致和代词的格。
- 检查每个分句:它能独立成句吗?用逗号加连词或分号连接独立分句。
- 检查修饰语和并列项:修饰短语紧挨着被修饰的词,并列项的形式要相同。
- 选词和语体方面,选择准确、正式而简洁的选项。
医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
方法
- 读完整个句子,寻找上下文线索:定义、对比、举例或因果关系。
- 把不熟悉的词拆成前缀、词根和后缀,并分别翻译每一部分。
- 从后缀往回读医学术语(hepat-itis:肝脏的炎症)。
- 把每个选项代入句子,检查意思是否仍然通顺。
- 选择在这个句子中使用的含义,即使这个词还有其他日常含义。
2练习题
1.阅读理解(入学考试)中等
“Despite his fear of heights, Leo climbed the tall ladder to rescue the kitten stuck on the roof.” What does this show about Leo?
- AHe was annoyed by the noisy kitten on the roof.
- BHe was brave enough to face his fear.
- CHe was not afraid of heights at all.
- DHe wanted to fix the broken roof.
2.阅读理解(入学考试)困难
In paragraph one, the author describes how a small village got clean drinking water by building a well. In paragraph two, the author reports that childhood illnesses in the village fell by half in the next year. What relationship does the author suggest between the two paragraphs?
- AChronological list of unrelated events
- BCause and effect
- CProblem with no solution
- DCompare and contrast
3.护理预科数学(入学考试)中等
一双鞋标价 $112.25。现在打 30% 的折扣,并在折后价上加 8% 的销售税。最终价格 P 是多少?四舍五入到分。
$112.25−30%+8%
P = $
4.护理预科数学(入学考试)困难
一场医院募捐活动有 30 张抽奖券。第一天卖出其中的 1/2,第二天卖出剩余票数的 2/5。还有多少张票 x 没卖出?
301/22/5
x =
5.人体解剖学中等
心脏壁的哪一层含有心肌?
- A心肌层
- B心包
- C心内膜
- D心外膜
6.人体解剖学困难
为什么吸入的异物更常卡在右主支气管而不是左主支气管?
- A右主支气管更粗、更短、更陡直
- B左主支气管被会厌封闭
- C由于心脏的位置,右肺的气流更强
- D右主支气管更细、更水平
7.人体生理学中等
心电图上的 QRS 波群代表什么?
- A心房复极化
- B心室复极化
- C心室去极化
- D心房去极化
8.人体生理学困难
Hodgkin 和 Huxley 关于动作电位离子基础的经典研究使用了哪种标本?
- A猫的脊髓
- B蛙坐骨神经-腓肠肌标本
- C枪乌贼巨大轴突
- D培养的人类皮质神经元
9.护理入学考试生物中等
协助扩散与简单扩散有何不同?
- A它利用通道蛋白或载体蛋白,但不用 ATP
- B它利用泵和 ATP 使分子逆梯度移动
- C它利用 ATP 使分子"上坡"移动
- D它只转运氧气等气体
10.护理入学考试生物困难
A patient with type A blood is given type B red blood cells by mistake. What is the cause of the reaction that follows?
- AThe patient's A antigens dissolve the donor's haemoglobin
- BAnti-B antibodies in the patient's plasma attack the donor cells
- CAnti-A antibodies on the donor cells attack the patient's plasma
- DThe donor's B antigens destroy the patient's white blood cells
11.护理入学考试化学中等
Using significant figures, what is 2.5 cm × 3.42 cm?
- A8.55 cm²
- B8.550 cm²
- C9 cm²
- D8.6 cm²
12.护理入学考试化学困难
A nurse wipes a patient's arm with an alcohol swab and the patient says the skin feels cold. What explains this?
- AThe alcohol blocks the skin's nerve endings for warmth
- BThe alcohol absorbs heat from the skin as it evaporates
- CThe alcohol is stored at a much lower temperature than the room
- DThe alcohol reacts with the skin in an endothermic chemical reaction
13.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)中等
Which word should replace the underlined informal word for a formal report? “The results were awesome.”
- Aepic
- Bexcellent
- Cmind-blowing
- Dsuper cool
14.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)困难
In very formal writing, which sentence uses the correct pronoun after the verb “be”?
- AIt was hers who called the ambulance.
- BIt was she who called the ambulance.
- CIt was her who called the ambulance.
- DIt was herself who called the ambulance.
15.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)中等
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient has developed a tolerance to the painkiller.”
- AA fear of taking the drug
- BA need for more to get the same effect
- CA dislike of the drug’s taste
- DAn allergic reaction that develops to the drug
16.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)困难
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The tumour had metastasised to the liver.”
- ATurned into a cyst
- BShrunk after treatment
- CBeen removed by surgery
- DSpread from its original site
3溶液
1.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: B · He was brave enough to face his fear.
为什么是这个答案
“Despite his fear” shows he was afraid but climbed anyway to help the kitten, which shows courage.
B · He was brave enough to face his fear.
2.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: B · Cause and effect
为什么是这个答案
The author links the new well (cause) with the drop in illness (effect).
3.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: P = 84.87 $
折扣与销售税:d% 的折扣后剩下价格的 (100 − d)%;t% 的税是在折后价上再加 t%。按这个顺序计算:价格 × (1 − d/100),然后 × (1 + t/100)。金额只在最后四舍五入到分。
折后价
$112.25 × 0.7 = 78.575 ≈ $78.58
加上税
P = $78.58 × 1.08 = 84.8664 ≈ $84.87
4.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: x = 9
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
第一天之后
30 − 1/2·30 = 30 − 15 = 15
5.人体解剖学
答案: A · 心肌层
为什么是这个答案
心肌层是厚厚的中间肌层。心内膜衬于心腔内面,心外膜覆盖外表面。
6.人体解剖学
答案: A · 右主支气管更粗、更短、更陡直
为什么是这个答案
右主支气管更粗、更短,与气管的走向更接近一条直线,因此误吸的物体往往落入其中。
7.人体生理学
答案: C · 心室去极化
为什么是这个答案
P 波是心房去极化,QRS 波群是心室去极化,T 波是心室复极化。心房复极化被掩盖在 QRS 中。
8.人体生理学
答案: C · 枪乌贼巨大轴突
为什么是这个答案
枪乌贼巨大轴突直径可达约 1 mm,因此可以插入电压钳电极。研究表明,钠内流和钾外流产生了动作电位。
9.护理入学考试生物
答案: A · 它利用通道蛋白或载体蛋白,但不用 ATP
为什么是这个答案
在协助扩散中,不能穿过脂双层的分子通过膜蛋白,仍然是顺梯度、不需要 ATP。
10.护理入学考试生物
答案: B · Anti-B antibodies in the patient's plasma attack the donor cells
为什么是这个答案
Type A people have anti-B antibodies. These bind to the B antigens on the donor cells, causing them to clump and break down, which is a haemolytic transfusion reaction.
B · Anti-B antibodies in the patient's plasma attack the donor cells
11.护理入学考试化学
答案: D · 8.6 cm²
为什么是这个答案
2.5 × 3.42 = 8.55, but 2.5 has only two significant figures, so the answer is rounded to two: 8.6 cm².
12.护理入学考试化学
答案: B · The alcohol absorbs heat from the skin as it evaporates
为什么是这个答案
Evaporation is endothermic: the alcohol takes the energy it needs to vaporise from the skin, lowering skin temperature. Sweating cools the body in the same way.
B · The alcohol absorbs heat from the skin as it evaporates
13.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: B · excellent
为什么是这个答案
Formal writing uses precise, standard words such as “excellent”. The other choices are slang.
14.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: B · It was she who called the ambulance.
为什么是这个答案
Traditional formal grammar treats a pronoun after “be” as a subject complement, so the subject form “she” is used. “It was her” is common in speech but informal.
B · It was she who called the ambulance.
15.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: B · A need for more to get the same effect
为什么是这个答案
Tolerance means the body responds less to a drug over time, so a higher dose is needed for the same effect.
B · A need for more to get the same effect
16.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: D · Spread from its original site
为什么是这个答案
To metastasise (US: metastasize) is for cancer to spread from where it started to another part of the body.
D · Spread from its original site
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