阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“When the fire alarm sounded, the teacher calmly led the children down the stairs, counted them at the meeting point and reported that everyone was safe.” Which word best describes the teacher’s actions?
“The scientist repeated the experiment five times in different labs and always got the same result.” Why does this strengthen the scientist’s findings?
不用计算器计算 x = 7.17 × 8.5。给出精确值。
一个储物盒是长 30 cm、宽 6 cm、高 17 cm 的长方体。它的体积 V 是多少立方厘米?
脑干的哪一部分含有主要的心血管中枢和呼吸中枢?
尿液离开集合管后依次经过哪些结构?
根据泊肃叶定律,如果一根小动脉的半径减半,其血流阻力:
为什么酮症酸中毒通常发生在未经治疗的 1 型糖尿病中,而在 2 型中很少见?
Which statement about Archaea is correct?
A human body cell has 46 chromosomes in G1. How many chromatids does it have at metaphase of mitosis?
In 2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂, how many moles of O₂ form from 4 mol of KClO₃?
How does a rise in temperature affect how much carbon dioxide gas can dissolve in a soft drink?
Choose the correct form: “She could ___ called earlier.”
Which sentence is most appropriate for a formal email to an instructor?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “A patient with a weak swallow is at risk of aspiration.”
What does the term gastroenteritis mean?
答案: B · Organised
Calmly leading the class, counting the children and reporting shows the teacher acted in an organised way.
答案: B · Repeated results make chance or error less likely.
When a result is repeated in different settings, it is less likely to be due to chance or a mistake in one lab. It strengthens the finding but does not prove it for every case.
答案: x = 60.95
小数:加减时,把小数点对齐。乘法时,按整数相乘,积的小数位数等于两个因数小数位数之和。除以小数时,把两个数的小数点同时向右移动相同的位数,直到除数变成整数。
两个因数的小数位数之和是 3。
答案: V = 3060 cm³
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
答案: D · 延髓
延髓含有调节心率、血压和呼吸节律的生命中枢。
答案: B · 肾小盏、肾大盏、肾盂、输尿管
集合管开口于肾乳头进入肾小盏,肾小盏汇合成肾大盏,再注入肾盂,然后进入输尿管。
答案: C · 增加约 16 倍
阻力与 1/r⁴ 成正比,因此半径减半使阻力增加 2⁴ = 16 倍。这就是小动脉直径的微小变化能如此有力地控制血流的原因。
答案: B · 即使很低的胰岛素水平也能抑制脂肪分解和生酮
胰岛素强烈抑制脂肪分解和肝脏生成酮体。1 型糖尿病几乎没有胰岛素,因此脂肪酸大量涌入肝脏,酮体积聚。
答案: A · They are prokaryotes, and many live in extreme environments
Archaea are prokaryotic, like bacteria, but differ in their membranes and some genes. Many live in hot springs, very salty water or other harsh places, so they form their own domain.
答案: A · 92
After S phase each of the 46 chromosomes is made of two sister chromatids, so there are 92 chromatids at metaphase. They separate in anaphase, giving each daughter cell 46 chromosomes.
答案: B · 6 mol
4 mol KClO₃ × (3 mol O₂ ÷ 2 mol KClO₃) = 6 mol O₂.
答案: C · Less gas dissolves, so warm drinks go flat faster
Gas solubility decreases as temperature rises, because gas molecules gain energy and escape the liquid. Most solids show the opposite trend, dissolving better in hot water.
答案: B · have
“Could have” (could’ve) + past participle is correct. “Could of” is a common error that comes from how “could’ve” sounds.
答案: A · I am unable to attend class on Friday because of a medical appointment.
A uses a complete sentence, polite tone and precise wording. The others use slang, fragments and casual phrasing.
答案: B · Breathing food or fluid into the lungs
Aspiration is the inhaling of food, fluid or other material into the airway and lungs.
答案: A · Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often causing vomiting and diarrhoea.
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