阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“I can’t believe they cancelled the concert again,” Mia sighed, throwing the tickets on the table. “That’s the third time this year.” What is Mia’s tone?
“It was the kind of morning that made you want to stay in bed — grey skies, steady drizzle and a cold wind rattling the windows.” What mood is the author creating?
某病区 6 个夜晚的呼叫器呼叫次数分别是 39, 40, 5, 36, 16, 2。中位数 m 是多少?
表格显示了 2024 年和 2025 年中心 A、B 和 C 的志愿者人数。 2025 年所有志愿者中,有百分之几 p 在中心 C? 取整到最接近的整数。
哪块腕骨最常发生骨折,典型情况是摔倒时手掌撑地?
一名足球运动员支撑腿的膝关节外侧受到撞击。哪种损伤组合被经典地称为“膝关节三联征”(unhappy triad)?
健康人呼吸的主要刺激是什么?
在肾素–血管紧张素–醛固酮系统中,血管紧张素 I 主要在哪里转化为血管紧张素 II?
实验结果与假设的预测相符。最恰当的结论是什么?
Fleming saw a clear area with no bacteria around a Penicillium mould growing on a bacterial plate. What was the best explanation?
Which equation shows a combustion reaction?
How much water must be added to 50 mL of a 10% solution to make a 2% solution?
Which sentence contains a dangling modifier?
Which sentence contains a squinting (ambiguous) modifier?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The drug is applied as a transdermal patch.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The weakness was ipsilateral to the injury.”
答案: C · Frustrated
Sighing, throwing the tickets and noting it is the third cancellation show frustration.
答案: B · Gloomy
Grey skies, drizzle and cold wind create a dull, gloomy mood. Nothing in the scene suggests joy or danger.
答案: m = 26
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: p = 43 %
百分数表示每一百份中的份数:一个数的 p% 等于 (p/100) × 这个数。求 A 是 B 的百分之几,用 A 除以 B 再乘以 100。百分数变化是把变化量与原值比较:百分数变化 =(新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100。
答案: D · 手舟骨
手舟骨是最常骨折的腕骨。解剖学鼻烟窝压痛是一个关键的临床体征。
答案: D · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
外翻力加旋转会撕裂内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带以及与内侧副韧带紧密相连的内侧半月板。
答案: B · 动脉 CO₂ 升高
中枢化学感受器对 CO₂(通过脑脊液 pH)作出反应。只有当 PaO₂ 降到远低于正常水平时(例如在高海拔地区),低 O₂ 才会显著增强呼吸驱动。
答案: B · 肺
肾素(肾)把血管紧张素原(肝)裂解为血管紧张素 I,ACE(主要在肺毛细血管内皮上)再将其转化为血管紧张素 II。
答案: D · 假设得到支持,但没有被证明
数据可以支持或反驳假设,但之后的实验仍可能与之矛盾,所以结果永远不能绝对证明它。
答案: B · The mould released a substance that killed or stopped the bacteria
The mould released penicillin, which diffused into the agar and killed nearby bacteria. Penicillin blocks the building of the peptidoglycan cell wall.
答案: C · C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O
Combustion is a fuel reacting with O₂, here ethanol forming carbon dioxide and water. The others are neutralisation, decomposition and single replacement.
答案: C · 200 mL
10% × 50 mL = 2% × V₂, so V₂ = 250 mL. That is the final volume, so the water to add is 250 − 50 = 200 mL. Answering 250 mL forgets the starting volume.
答案: C · Walking into the room, the lights turned on.
In the first sentence the opening phrase seems to describe “the lights”, as if the lights were walking. The doer must follow the phrase.
答案: B · Students who study often get good grades.
In A, “often” could modify “study” or “get”, so the meaning is unclear. Moving the modifier, as in C, removes the ambiguity.
答案: A · Through the skin
A transdermal patch delivers medicine across the skin into the bloodstream.
答案: C · On the same side
Ipsilateral means on the same side of the body; contralateral means on the opposite side.
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