阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Jamal’s grandmother taught him to cook her famous stew. Now, every winter, Jamal makes it for his own children and tells them stories about her.” What is the main theme?
Train timetable: trains leave Oak Street at 6:10, 6:40, 7:10 and 7:40 a.m. The journey to Central takes 35 minutes. A nurse’s shift at Central Hospital starts at 7:30 a.m., and it is a 5-minute walk from the station. Which is the latest train she can take and still arrive on time?
一本教科书的价格从 $325 变为 $130。 减少的百分数是多少 p?
饼图显示了一家医院的 480 名员工在 A 到 D 各部门之间的分布。 部门 A 比部门 B 多多少名员工 x?
腕管综合征中受压的是哪条神经?
尿液离开集合管后依次经过哪些结构?
血浆白蛋白降低(如严重肝病时)引起水肿,主要是因为:
一名年轻女性的肌无力在反复使用后加重,使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂后改善。最可能的机制是什么?
Yeast in bread dough breaks down sugar without oxygen. What does it produce?
A nurse notices that patients who used a new mouthwash had few mouth infections. No other patients were studied. What is most needed before concluding that the mouthwash works?
0.5 mol of KCl is dissolved to make 250 mL of solution. What is its molarity?
Gently heating DNA separates its two strands, but each strand stays in one piece. Why?
Choose the correct word: “The scarf ___ her coat perfectly.”
Choose the correct word for formal writing: “Does the manager object to ___ leaving early?”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s respirations were 18 per minute.”
What does the term bronchiectasis mean?
答案: B · Family traditions are passed down.
The recipe and stories pass from grandmother to Jamal to his children, showing family traditions passed through generations.
答案: C · The 6:40 train
The 6:40 train arrives at 7:15, plus a 5-minute walk gives 7:20, in time. The 7:10 train would arrive at 7:45, plus 5 minutes is 7:50, too late.
答案: p = 60 %
百分数表示每一百份中的份数:一个数的 p% 等于 (p/100) × 这个数。求 A 是 B 的百分之几,用 A 除以 B 再乘以 100。百分数变化是把变化量与原值比较:百分数变化 =(新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100。
答案: x = 48
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: D · 正中神经
正中神经在屈肌支持带下方穿过腕管;受压会引起拇指、示指和中指麻刺感。
答案: D · 肾小盏、肾大盏、肾盂、输尿管
集合管开口于肾乳头进入肾小盏,肾小盏汇合成肾大盏,再注入肾盂,然后进入输尿管。
答案: D · 血浆胶体渗透压下降
白蛋白产生血浆胶体渗透压的大部分,把液体吸回毛细血管。白蛋白降低时,更多液体留在组织中。
答案: A · 针对神经肌肉接头处乙酰胆碱受体的抗体
在重症肌无力中,自身抗体减少了有功能的乙酰胆碱受体数量。阻断乙酰胆碱酯酶可以留下更多 ACh 与剩余受体结合。
答案: D · Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Yeast carries out alcoholic fermentation, turning pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The CO₂ makes bread rise, and the ethanol evaporates during baking. Human muscle cells make lactic acid instead.
答案: A · A comparable group that does not use the mouthwash
Without a control group, there is no way to know whether infections would have been just as rare without the mouthwash. A similar group under the same conditions is needed for comparison.
答案: D · 2 M
250 mL = 0.250 L. M = mol ÷ L = 0.5 ÷ 0.250 = 2 M. Dividing by 250 without converting would give a wrong answer.
答案: C · The strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonds, while each strand's backbone is covalent
The bases pair across the two strands through hydrogen bonds, which are relatively weak and break on heating. The sugar–phosphate backbone of each strand is held by strong covalent bonds, which stay intact.
答案: C · complements
“Complements” means goes well with or completes. “Compliments” means praises. The singular subject needs the -s form.
答案: C · my
In formal English, a pronoun before a gerund takes the possessive form, just as it would before a noun: “my leaving”, like “my departure”.
答案: A · Breaths
Respirations are breaths; the respiratory rate is the number of breaths per minute.
答案: D · Permanent widening of the airways
Bronchiectasis is permanent, abnormal widening of the bronchi, which causes mucus to build up.
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