阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Unlike the noisy city where she grew up, the village was so quiet that Maya could hear the stream from her bedroom.” What contrast does the author draw?
The author writes: “Most people in my office prefer tea to coffee. Therefore, tea is the most popular drink in the country.” What is the main flaw?
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次候诊室里的人数。 这六次读数的平均数 x̄ 是多少?
饼图显示了一家医院的 200 名员工在 A 到 C 各部门之间的分布。 部门 A 的扇形角度 θ 是多少度?
哪类血管把含氧血从肺运回心脏?
患者上睑下垂、瞳孔散大,眼球处于“向下向外”的位置。最可能损伤的是哪条神经?
肾上腺皮质在 ACTH 作用下释放哪种激素?
在原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退(艾迪生病)中,预期出现哪种组合?
What is a random sample?
Under the microscope, homologous chromosomes are moving to opposite poles, and each is still made of two chromatids. Which stage is this?
什么是氢键?
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆) join by a condensation reaction to form sucrose. What is the formula of sucrose?
Which phrase uses a hyphen correctly with a prefix?
What kind of sentence is this? “Although the storm was strong, the power stayed on, and the clinic remained open.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “A blood pressure reading is objective data.”
What does the term thrombophlebitis mean?
答案: A · Between city noise and village quiet
“Unlike” compares the noisy city with the quiet village.
答案: C · One office may not represent the country.
The author draws a national conclusion from one office. A small, unrepresentative sample cannot show what the whole country prefers.
答案: x̄ = 80
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: θ = 108 °
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: C · 肺静脉
四条肺静脉把含氧血注入左心房。它们是“静脉运送缺氧血”这一规律的主要例外。
答案: A · 动眼神经(III)
动眼神经支配大部分眼外肌、上睑提肌和瞳孔括约肌。损伤后外直肌和上斜肌失去拮抗,因此眼球转向下外方。
答案: D · 皮质醇
垂体前叶的 ACTH 刺激束状带释放皮质醇。肾上腺素来自肾上腺髓质。
答案: C · 低钠、高钾和高 ACTH
醛固酮缺乏导致钠丢失和钾潴留。皮质醇低使负反馈消失,因此 ACTH 升高,并可能引起皮肤色素沉着。
答案: D · A group where everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen
In a random sample, chance decides who is chosen, so the sample is more likely to represent the whole population. Convenience and volunteer samples can be biased.
答案: C · Anaphase I of meiosis
Only in anaphase I do homologous chromosomes separate while each still has two sister chromatids. In mitosis and in anaphase II, the sister chromatids themselves are pulled apart.
答案: D · 一个分子上的氢与另一个分子上的 O、N 或 F 原子之间的吸引力
氢键是分子之间相当强的吸引力,而不是分子内部的键。它解释了水的高沸点,并使 DNA 的碱基对结合在一起。
答案: C · C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Together the two sugars contain C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂. Condensation releases one H₂O, leaving C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, table sugar.
答案: A · mid-July
When a prefix comes before a proper noun, a hyphen joins them: mid-July, un-American, pre-1990.
答案: A · Compound-complex
There are two independent clauses (“the power stayed on”, “the clinic remained open”) and one dependent clause (“Although the storm was strong”), which makes it compound-complex.
答案: B · Observable and measurable
Objective data can be observed or measured, such as vital signs or lab results.
答案: D · Inflammation of a vein with a blood clot
Thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot.
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