阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Pressure ulcers, also called bedsores, can form when a person lies in one position for too long. Nurses help prevent them by changing the patient’s position regularly.” Why do nurses change patients’ positions?
The author writes: “Most people in my office prefer tea to coffee. Therefore, tea is the most popular drink in the country.” What is the main flaw?
一双鞋标价 $221.00。现在打 10% 的折扣,并在折后价上加 7% 的销售税。最终价格 P 是多少?四舍五入到分。
一个食谱说要在 160 °C 下烘烤。这个温度 T 是多少华氏度?
大腿前面哪组肌肉使膝关节伸展?
后纵隔内有哪个结构?
哪个激素事件触发排卵?
一个健康人躺着后迅速站起。哪个反射能防止晕厥?
Why does PCR use a DNA polymerase taken from bacteria that live in hot springs?
The field of view of a microscope is 0.5 mm wide. About 10 cells fit across it in a line. What is the approximate width of one cell?
How does a mixture of iron filings and sulfur powder differ from the compound iron sulfide?
Sulfuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide: H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O. How many moles of NaOH neutralise 0.5 mol of H₂SO₄?
Which sentence punctuates the city and state correctly?
Which word is used incorrectly? “Of the three applicants, she is the more qualified.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient complained of general malaise.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The nurse gave a ___ explanation that every family member could understand.”
答案: B · To help prevent pressure ulcers
Pressure ulcers form when a person stays in one position too long, so changing position regularly helps prevent them.
答案: A · One office may not represent the country.
The author draws a national conclusion from one office. A small, unrepresentative sample cannot show what the whole country prefers.
答案: P = 212.8 $
折扣与销售税:d% 的折扣后剩下价格的 (100 − d)%;t% 的税是在折后价上再加 t%。按这个顺序计算:价格 × (1 − d/100),然后 × (1 + t/100)。金额只在最后四舍五入到分。
答案: T = 320 °F
温标:°F = °C × 9/5 + 32,°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9。温度变化量的换算不需要 32,因为 32 只是平移零点:1 °C 的变化量等于 1.8 °F 的变化量。
答案: B · 股四头肌
股四头肌(股直肌和三块股肌)通过髌韧带使膝关节伸展。腘绳肌使膝关节屈曲。
答案: D · 食管
后纵隔内有食管、降主动脉、奇静脉和胸导管。心脏和升主动脉在中纵隔;胸腺在上纵隔和前纵隔。
答案: D · 黄体生成素(LH)峰
优势卵泡分泌的雌激素不断升高,触发腺垂体释放 LH 峰,约一天后引起排卵。
答案: B · 压力感受器反射使心率加快、血管收缩
血液淤积在腿部,血压下降;压力感受器发放减少,几秒内交感活动增强、迷走活动减弱,心率和血管张力随之升高。
答案: A · It survives the high temperatures used to separate the strands
Each PCR cycle heats the mixture to separate the DNA strands. Most enzymes would denature, but polymerase from heat-loving bacteria (such as Taq polymerase) stays active through many cycles.
答案: D · 50 µm
0.5 mm = 500 µm. Dividing by 10 cells gives about 50 µm per cell.
答案: B · The mixture can be separated physically, for example with a magnet
In a mixture the components are not chemically bonded, keep their properties and can be present in any ratio, so a magnet pulls out the iron. In iron sulfide the elements are bonded in a fixed ratio with new properties.
答案: D · 1 mol
The equation shows a 1:2 ratio, so 0.5 mol H₂SO₄ needs 2 × 0.5 = 1 mol NaOH. Sulfuric acid is diprotic, releasing two H⁺ per molecule.
答案: A · She moved to Dallas, Texas, last year.
A comma separates the city from the state, and another comma follows the state when the sentence continues.
答案: D · more
Three people are compared, so the superlative is needed: “the most qualified”. The comparative “more” is used for two.
答案: C · A vague feeling of being unwell
Malaise is a general feeling of discomfort or illness without a specific cause.
答案: C · lucid
Lucid means clear and easy to understand. Vague, obscure and convoluted all mean hard to understand.
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