阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Passage: “Coral reefs are sometimes called the rainforests of the sea.” Why might coral reefs be compared to rainforests?
The author writes: “I have walked to work for twenty years, rain or shine. I have never once needed a car, so no one in this city needs one.” What is the main weakness?
一位跑步者记录了 9 天里的跑步距离(单位:千米):8, 18, 4, 22, 14, 35, 12, 39, 34。极差 R 是多少?
一个食谱做 2 批松饼要用 3 杯面粉。按同样的比例,做 5 批需要多少杯面粉 x?
肘前哪条浅静脉最常用于静脉穿刺?
一名足球运动员支撑腿的膝关节外侧受到撞击。哪种损伤组合被经典地称为“膝关节三联征”(unhappy triad)?
血浆白蛋白降低(如严重肝病时)引起水肿,主要是因为:
持续数天呕吐胃内容物后,最可能发生哪种酸碱紊乱?
A cut in the skin heals as new skin cells fill the wound. Which process produces these cells?
Mature human red blood cells have no nucleus and no mitochondria. What follows from this?
A piece of metal has a density of 8 g/cm³ and a volume of 5 cm³. What is its mass?
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, most alpha particles passed straight through the foil but a few bounced back. What did this show?
What is the subject of this sentence? “Behind the curtain stood a tall man.”
Which phrase puts the adjectives in the usual English order?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Ask the patient to expectorate into the specimen cup.”
Which word means “a surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid”?
答案: B · Both are home to a great variety of life.
Rainforests are known for their huge variety of living things, and coral reefs also support many species, so the comparison highlights rich biodiversity.
答案: A · One person’s situation may not fit everyone.
The author assumes that because walking works for them, it works for everyone. Others may live far away, have disabilities or carry heavy loads.
答案: R = 35
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: x = 7.5 杯
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: B · 肘正中静脉
肘正中静脉在头静脉和贵要静脉之间斜穿肘窝。它位置表浅、管径大且较固定,因此容易穿刺。
答案: D · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
外翻力加旋转会撕裂内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带以及与内侧副韧带紧密相连的内侧半月板。
答案: B · 血浆胶体渗透压下降
白蛋白产生血浆胶体渗透压的大部分,把液体吸回毛细血管。白蛋白降低时,更多液体留在组织中。
答案: B · 代谢性碱中毒
呕吐丢失 HCl,而胃分泌胃酸时把碳酸氢盐留在了血液中。容量丢失和低钾有助于维持碱中毒。
答案: D · Mitosis
Growth and repair of body tissues happen by mitosis, which makes genetically identical diploid cells. Meiosis makes gametes only.
答案: D · They cannot divide and make their ATP by glycolysis only
Without mitochondria, red cells rely on glycolysis in the cytoplasm, so they do not use the oxygen they carry. Without a nucleus, they cannot divide or make new proteins, and they survive about 120 days.
答案: B · 40 g
Mass = density × volume = 8 g/cm³ × 5 cm³ = 40 g. Dividing would give the wrong units.
答案: D · An atom is mostly empty space with a small, dense, positive nucleus
Most particles passing through meant most of the atom is empty; the rare sharp rebounds meant a tiny region of concentrated positive charge and mass. This replaced the plum-pudding model with the nuclear model.
答案: C · man
The sentence means “A tall man stood behind the curtain.” The subject is “man”; “curtain” is the object of the preposition.
答案: B · a lovely old wooden table
English adjectives usually follow the order opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, purpose. “Lovely” (opinion), “old” (age), “wooden” (material) follows that order.
答案: B · Cough up and spit out
To expectorate is to cough up and spit out mucus or sputum.
答案: B · Paracentesis
Paracentesis removes fluid from the abdominal cavity; thoracentesis removes fluid from the chest.
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