阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Discharge instructions: “Keep the dressing dry for 48 hours. After that, you may shower, but do not soak the wound in a bath until the stitches are removed.” On day 3, what may the patient do?
The author writes: “Hospitals should serve less sugary food. Some will say patients deserve treats, and that is fair. But a hospital should model the healthy habits it recommends.” How does the author handle the opposing view?
一个食谱做 3 批松饼要用 3 杯面粉。按同样的比例,做 5 批需要多少杯面粉 x?
春天的一天里,室外温度上升了 15 °C。它上升了多少华氏度 Δ?
脑干的哪一部分含有主要的心血管中枢和呼吸中枢?
腋窝淋巴结手术后,患者用手推墙时肩胛骨从胸壁上翘起。损伤的是哪条神经?
哪种激素增加肾集合管对水的重吸收?
一名糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者呼吸深快。血气应呈现什么模式?
什么是突变?
Why does the influenza vaccine need to be updated most years?
Which of these is a colloid?
Sulfuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide: H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O. How many moles of NaOH neutralise 0.5 mol of H₂SO₄?
Which spelling is correct for the word that means “to make someone feel awkward”?
Which sentence places the modifier correctly to mean that the class had about 40 students?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The doctor ordered an analgesic after surgery.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The strain of bacteria proved highly virulent.”
答案: C · Take a shower
After 48 hours, showering is allowed, but baths are not allowed until the stitches are out. So on day 3 the patient may shower.
答案: A · Accepts part of it, then argues against it
The author grants that the opposing point has some merit (“that is fair”) but then argues that hospitals should model healthy habits.
答案: x = 5 杯
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: Δ = 27 °F
温标:°F = °C × 9/5 + 32,°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9。温度变化量的换算不需要 32,因为 32 只是平移零点:1 °C 的变化量等于 1.8 °F 的变化量。
答案: B · 延髓
延髓含有调节心率、血压和呼吸节律的生命中枢。
答案: D · 胸长神经
胸长神经支配前锯肌,前锯肌使肩胛骨紧贴胸壁。损伤会导致翼状肩胛。
答案: B · 抗利尿激素(ADH)
垂体后叶释放的 ADH(血管升压素)插入水通道蛋白-2,使集合管对水通透,从而浓缩尿液。
答案: A · pH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
酮酸消耗碳酸氢盐,引起代谢性酸中毒。Kussmaul 呼吸作为呼吸代偿降低了 PaCO₂。
答案: C · DNA 碱基序列的改变
突变是 DNA 序列的任何改变。它可能没有影响、有害,偶尔也有益。
答案: D · The virus keeps changing its surface proteins through mutation
Influenza viruses mutate often, changing the antigens on their surface. Memory cells from earlier infections or vaccines may no longer recognise the new strain, so the vaccine is updated to match the strains expected to circulate.
答案: A · Milk
In a colloid, particles are bigger than in a solution but do not settle out. Milk has tiny fat and protein droplets spread through water. Salt water is a solution and sand in water a suspension.
答案: B · 1 mol
The equation shows a 1:2 ratio, so 0.5 mol H₂SO₄ needs 2 × 0.5 = 1 mol NaOH. Sulfuric acid is diprotic, releasing two H⁺ per molecule.
答案: C · embarrass
“Embarrass” has a double r and a double s.
答案: A · The instructor taught nearly 40 students.
“Nearly 40 students” means about 40. “Nearly taught” means the teaching almost happened but did not.
答案: C · A pain reliever
An analgesic is a medication that relieves pain.
答案: A · Able to cause severe disease
Virulent describes a microorganism that is highly harmful and causes severe disease.
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