阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“The patient’s blood pressure was stable throughout the night, with every reading close to the one before.” What does “stable” mean here?
A medicine label reads: “Take 2 tablets every 6 hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 tablets in 24 hours.” A patient takes 2 tablets at 6 a.m., noon and 6 p.m. How many more tablets may the patient take before 6 a.m. the next day?
一个书架高 3 ft 10 in。那是多少英寸 x?
饼图显示了一家医院的 800 名员工在 A 到 D 各部门之间的分布。 部门 A 有多少名员工 x?
肘前哪条浅静脉最常用于静脉穿刺?
患者仅用右腿站立时,骨盆左侧下降(特伦德伦堡征阳性)。最可能损伤的是哪条神经?
在膝跳反射中叩击髌腱时,哪种感受器受到刺激?
一名糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者呼吸深快。血气应呈现什么模式?
有氧细胞呼吸的产物是什么?
A plant cell is placed in a strong salt solution. Its membrane and cytoplasm pull away from the cell wall. What is this called?
Why can a very high fever disrupt the body's chemical reactions?
氯有两种常见同位素:氯-35(约 75%)和氯-37(约 25%)。它的平均原子质量是多少?
Which sentence uses the possessive of a time expression correctly?
Which sentence uses commas correctly with a coordinating conjunction?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Patients must adhere to the medication schedule.”
What does the term polycythaemia mean?
答案: D · Not changing much
Readings that stay close to each other show little change, so “stable” means steady or not changing much.
答案: C · 2
The patient has taken 6 tablets (3 doses of 2). The limit is 8 in 24 hours, so 2 more may be taken, at midnight at the earliest.
答案: x = 46 in
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: x = 120
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: B · 肘正中静脉
肘正中静脉在头静脉和贵要静脉之间斜穿肘窝。它位置表浅、管径大且较固定,因此容易穿刺。
答案: A · 右侧臀上神经
臀上神经支配臀中肌和臀小肌。如果支撑腿(右腿)的这两块肌肉无力,骨盆就会在对侧无支撑的一边下沉。
答案: A · 肌梭
叩击肌腱会牵拉股四头肌的肌梭。其传入纤维直接与运动神经元形成突触,通过单突触反射使肌肉收缩。
答案: D · pH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
酮酸消耗碳酸氢盐,引起代谢性酸中毒。Kussmaul 呼吸作为呼吸代偿降低了 PaCO₂。
答案: A · 二氧化碳、水和 ATP
葡萄糖 + 氧气 → 二氧化碳 + 水 + 能量(ATP)。葡萄糖和氧气是反应物,不是产物。
答案: A · Plasmolysis
Plasmolysis is the shrinking of the cytoplasm away from the wall of a plant cell as water leaves by osmosis. Crenation is the shrinking of an animal cell, lysis is bursting, and turgor is the pressure of a full cell.
答案: B · High temperatures can change the shape of enzymes so they stop working
Enzymes are proteins with a specific shape. Too much heat breaks the weak bonds holding that shape, changing the active site (denaturation), so the enzyme can no longer bind its substrate.
答案: C · 约 35.5
0.75 × 35 + 0.25 × 37 = 26.25 + 9.25 = 35.5。直接取 35 和 37 的平均值(36)忽略了丰度。
答案: D · She took a week’s vacation.
Time expressions can be possessive: a week’s vacation, a day’s work. For plurals the apostrophe follows the s: two weeks’ notice.
答案: D · The lab was closed, so we studied at home.
When “so”, “and” or “but” joins two independent clauses, put a comma before the conjunction.
答案: A · Follow closely
To adhere is to stick to, or to follow a rule or plan faithfully.
答案: A · An abnormally high number of red blood cells
Polycythaemia (US: polycythemia) is an excess of red blood cells, which makes the blood thicker.
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