护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
肘前哪条浅静脉最常用于静脉穿刺?
窦房结最常由哪条冠状动脉供血?
肺表面活性物质的主要功能是什么?
肾髓质中的浓度梯度主要由哪种机制产生?
What are introns?
Some snakes and whales have tiny remains of hip bones that are not used for walking. What do these structures suggest?
下列哪项描述的是吸热过程?
Why is incomplete combustion of fuel in a poorly ventilated room dangerous?
答案: C · 肘正中静脉
肘正中静脉在头静脉和贵要静脉之间斜穿肘窝。它位置表浅、管径大且较固定,因此容易穿刺。
答案: C · 右冠状动脉
约 60% 的人窦房结动脉起自右冠状动脉,其余起自回旋支。
答案: B · 降低肺泡的表面张力
表面活性物质由 II 型肺泡细胞产生,能降低表面张力,使肺泡不致塌陷,肺也更容易扩张。
答案: D · 髓袢的逆流倍增机制
升支主动把 NaCl 转运到间质而不让水随之移动,逆流使这种效应倍增成陡峭的梯度,ADH 随后利用该梯度浓缩尿液。
答案: B · Non-coding sections removed from pre-mRNA before translation
In eukaryotes, a gene's first RNA copy contains introns and exons. Introns are cut out by splicing, and the exons are joined to make the mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus.
答案: B · Their ancestors had legs
Vestigial structures are reduced remnants of features that were functional in ancestors. Small hip bones in snakes and whales are evidence that they evolved from four-legged ancestors.
答案: B · 它吸收热量,所以周围环境感觉更冷
吸热过程从周围环境吸收能量,如硝酸铵溶解在速冷冰袋中时。
答案: D · It produces carbon monoxide, which binds to haemoglobin and blocks oxygen transport
With limited oxygen, fuels form carbon monoxide (CO) instead of CO₂. CO binds to haemoglobin far more strongly than oxygen, so less oxygen reaches the tissues. It is colourless and odourless.
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