护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
臂丛由哪些脊神经根组成?
卒中后,患者说话流利,但用词毫无意义,且不能理解别人说话。病变最可能在哪里?
哪些感受器主要对动脉血氧水平下降起反应?
为什么乳糖酶缺乏的人喝牛奶后会腹泻和腹胀?
Nearly all cells in a person's body contain the same DNA. Why do nerve cells and muscle cells look and work so differently?
At 100× total magnification, the field of view of a microscope is 2 mm wide. What is its width at 400×?
Why does ice float on liquid water?
How does soap help remove grease from skin?
答案: D · C5 至 T1
臂丛由 C5、C6、C7、C8 和 T1 的前支组成,发出上肢的主要神经。
答案: C · 优势半球颞上回后部
这是韦尼克失语(感受性失语),由颞上回后部的韦尼克区受损引起。额下回的布洛卡区受损则引起非流利性失语。
答案: B · 颈动脉体和主动脉体中的外周化学感受器
颈动脉体和主动脉体检测低 PaO₂(也检测高 CO₂ 和 H⁺)。中枢化学感受器对 CO₂ 起反应,但不直接对氧起反应。
答案: C · 未消化的乳糖把水吸入肠道,并被结肠细菌发酵
未被吸收的乳糖产生渗透作用,把水拉入肠腔。结肠细菌将其发酵,产生气体和短链脂肪酸。
答案: A · Different genes are switched on in each type of cell
Each cell type expresses a different set of genes, making different proteins. Muscle cells express genes for contractile proteins, and nerve cells express genes for neurotransmitters and ion channels.
答案: A · 0.5 mm
Magnification increases 4 times (100× to 400×), so the field of view becomes 4 times narrower: 2 mm ÷ 4 = 0.5 mm.
答案: B · Ice is less dense than liquid water
When water freezes, hydrogen bonds lock the molecules into an open lattice, so ice takes up more space and is less dense (about 0.92 g/cm³) than liquid water. That is why it floats.
答案: A · Each soap molecule has a polar end that attracts water and a nonpolar end that attracts grease
Soap's nonpolar hydrocarbon tail dissolves in grease, while its charged (polar) head stays in water. The grease is wrapped in tiny clusters (micelles) and rinsed away.
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