护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
大脑的哪一部分主要负责协调和平衡?
男性腹股沟管内通过的结构是什么?
在心动周期的哪个时相,四个心脏瓣膜全部关闭而心室压力上升?
持续数天呕吐胃内容物后,最可能发生哪种酸碱紊乱?
In gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move towards the positive electrode?
A man has Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). Which error most likely produced it?
When the diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity gets bigger, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs?
A compound is 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen and 53.3% oxygen by mass (C = 12, H = 1, O = 16). What is its empirical formula?
答案: A · 小脑
小脑精细调节运动、姿势和平衡。损伤会导致共济失调和步态不稳。
答案: D · 精索
腹股沟管在男性中容纳精索,在女性中容纳子宫圆韧带。股血管则从腹股沟韧带下方经过。
答案: C · 等容收缩期
房室瓣关闭后,心室在半月瓣关闭的情况下收缩。压力升高而容积不变,直到主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣打开。
答案: B · 代谢性碱中毒
呕吐丢失 HCl,而胃分泌胃酸时把碳酸氢盐留在了血液中。容量丢失和低钾有助于维持碱中毒。
答案: A · DNA has a negative charge from its phosphate groups
The phosphate groups in the DNA backbone are negatively charged, so DNA moves towards the positive electrode. Small fragments move through the gel more easily than large ones.
答案: B · Nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes during meiosis in a parent
An extra whole chromosome usually comes from nondisjunction, when chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis. For example, an XY sperm fertilising an X egg, or an XX egg fertilised by a Y sperm, gives XXY.
答案: A · It falls, so air flows in
At constant temperature, a larger volume means a lower pressure. The pressure inside the lungs falls below atmospheric pressure, so air moves in. This is inhalation.
答案: C · CH₂O
In 100 g: C = 40 ÷ 12 ≈ 3.33 mol, H = 6.7 ÷ 1 = 6.7 mol, O = 53.3 ÷ 16 ≈ 3.33 mol. Dividing by 3.33 gives 1 : 2 : 1, so CH₂O.
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