护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪对脑神经支配斜方肌和胸锁乳突肌?
头部侧面翼点处受到打击,导致硬膜外血肿。通常撕裂的是哪条血管?
胃中哪种细胞分泌盐酸?
为什么胎儿血红蛋白对氧的亲和力高于成人血红蛋白?
Nerve cells release chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) stored in vesicles. By which process are they released?
How does the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system find the right place to cut DNA?
In the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, what does n stand for?
Making ammonia (N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃) is exothermic. A low temperature would give a higher yield, yet factories use a moderately high temperature. Why?
答案: A · 副神经(XI)
副神经(XI)支配胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌。损伤会使转头和耸肩无力。
答案: D · 脑膜中动脉
脑膜中动脉位于翼点下方,那里的颅骨很薄。它破裂后在颅骨与硬脑膜之间出血。桥静脉破裂则引起硬膜下血肿。
答案: C · 壁细胞
壁细胞分泌 HCl 和内因子。主细胞分泌胃蛋白酶原,G 细胞分泌胃泌素。
答案: C · 它与 2,3-BPG 的结合较弱
HbF 的 γ 链与 2,3-BPG 结合很差,因此解离曲线左移。这使胎儿血液能在胎盘中从母体血液中获取氧气。
答案: D · Exocytosis
In exocytosis, vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell. Endocytosis and phagocytosis take material in, and osmosis is the movement of water.
答案: A · A guide RNA pairs with the matching DNA sequence
CRISPR-Cas9 uses a short guide RNA designed to match the target DNA. The guide leads the Cas9 enzyme to that sequence, where it cuts the DNA so that the gene can be changed.
答案: A · The number of moles of gas
P is pressure, V volume, n the amount in moles, R the gas constant and T the kelvin temperature.
答案: B · At low temperatures the reaction is too slow to be useful
Lowering the temperature favours ammonia at equilibrium, but makes the reaction very slow. A compromise temperature with an iron catalyst gives an acceptable yield quickly. High pressure is also used to favour ammonia.
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