护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
肾单位的哪一部分重吸收了大部分水和钠?
难产时颈部受到牵拉,婴儿的手臂垂在身旁,呈内旋、前臂旋前(“侍者索小费”姿势)。臂丛的哪一部分受损?
刺激迷走神经对心脏的主要作用是什么?
原发性甲状腺功能减退的患者,你会预期:
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
A pre-mRNA is 3000 bases long, and 1200 bases of introns are removed. If all remaining bases code for amino acids, what is the largest number of amino acids in the protein?
Drops of water form on the outside of a glass of ice water. Where does this water come from?
A compound is a gas at room temperature, does not conduct electricity in any state, and is made of two nonmetals. What kind of substance is it most likely?
答案: B · 近曲小管
近曲小管重吸收约三分之二滤过的钠和水,以及几乎全部的葡萄糖和氨基酸。
答案: C · 上干(C5–C6)
埃尔布麻痹由上干(C5–C6)受牵拉引起,使三角肌、外旋肌和肱二头肌瘫痪。下干损伤(克隆普克麻痹)则累及手部小肌肉。
答案: D · 减慢心率
迷走神经在窦房结和房室结的毒蕈碱受体上释放乙酰胆碱,减慢起搏点的发放频率和房室传导。
答案: B · TSH 高,游离 T4 低
甲状腺衰竭时,低 T4 解除负反馈,垂体分泌更多 TSH。若 TSH 低且 T4 低,则提示继发性(垂体性)甲减。
答案: D · It accepts electrons at the end of the transport chain
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. It combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water. Without oxygen the chain stops, and the cell must rely on glycolysis and fermentation.
答案: A · 600
3000 − 1200 = 1800 bases remain in the mature mRNA. Each amino acid needs 3 bases, so 1800 ÷ 3 = 600 amino acids.
答案: D · Water vapour in the air condenses on the cold glass
Water vapour in the air touching the cold glass cools, loses energy and condenses into liquid droplets. Dew forms on grass the same way.
答案: B · A simple molecular (covalent) substance
Nonmetals bond covalently, and a gas at room temperature must have weak forces between separate molecules. No ions or free electrons means no conduction. Giant networks such as diamond are solids with very high melting points.
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