护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
成人的脊髓通常终止于哪里?
腹股沟斜疝从哪个位置进入腹股沟管?
哪种蛋白质形成稳定血凝块的网状结构?
哪项肺功能结果是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的典型表现?
In a pedigree, a trait appears in every generation, and every affected child has at least one affected parent. Which inheritance pattern is most likely?
At 100× total magnification, the field of view of a microscope is 2 mm wide. What is its width at 400×?
How does evaporation differ from boiling?
J.J. Thomson's cathode ray experiments led to which discovery?
答案: D · 大约在 L1–L2 椎骨水平
成人脊髓在 L1–L2 附近以脊髓圆锥终止。其下是马尾,所以腰椎穿刺在 L3–L4 或 L4–L5 进行。
答案: A · 经腹股沟管深环,位于腹壁下血管外侧
斜疝经深环穿出,位于腹壁下血管外侧,并沿腹股沟管走行。直疝则在腹壁下血管内侧从后壁突出。
答案: C · 纤维蛋白
凝血酶把可溶性纤维蛋白原转化为不溶性的纤维蛋白丝,后者黏合血小板栓并网罗红细胞,形成稳定的血凝块。
答案: A · FEV1/FVC 比值低于 0.7
气道狭窄使呼气减慢,因此 FEV1 的下降多于 FVC,比值降到 0.7 以下。在 COPD 中,这种改变不能被支气管扩张剂完全逆转。
答案: C · Autosomal dominant
A dominant trait needs only one allele to show, so it usually appears in every generation and affected people have an affected parent. Recessive traits can appear in children of two unaffected carriers.
答案: C · 0.5 mm
Magnification increases 4 times (100× to 400×), so the field of view becomes 4 times narrower: 2 mm ÷ 4 = 0.5 mm.
答案: B · Evaporation happens only at the surface and at any temperature; boiling happens throughout the liquid at a set temperature
In evaporation, fast-moving surface molecules escape at any temperature. In boiling, vapour bubbles form inside the liquid once its vapour pressure equals the outside pressure.
答案: B · Atoms contain small, negatively charged particles
Cathode rays were deflected toward positive plates and were the same for every metal used, so Thomson concluded that all atoms contain negative particles, later called electrons. The nucleus and neutron were discovered later.
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