护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪条动脉供应左心室前壁的大部分和室间隔的前部?
腹股沟斜疝从哪个位置进入腹股沟管?
高脂饮食后,哪种激素使胆囊收缩?
原发性甲状腺功能减退的患者,你会预期:
Human adult height varies across a smooth, continuous range rather than falling into a few separate groups. What is the best explanation?
Liver cells take in cholesterol-carrying LDL particles only after the particles bind to specific proteins on the cell surface. Which process is this?
What is the molar mass of sodium chloride, NaCl (Na = 23, Cl = 35.5 g/mol)?
Each C=O bond in carbon dioxide is polar, yet the CO₂ molecule is nonpolar. Why?
答案: C · 左前降支
左前降支(前室间支)供应左心室前壁和室间隔前三分之二。它的阻塞会导致前壁梗死。
答案: A · 经腹股沟管深环,位于腹壁下血管外侧
斜疝经深环穿出,位于腹壁下血管外侧,并沿腹股沟管走行。直疝则在腹壁下血管内侧从后壁突出。
答案: B · 胆囊收缩素(CCK)
十二指肠中的脂肪和蛋白质促使 CCK 释放,CCK 使胆囊收缩并刺激胰酶分泌。
答案: B · TSH 高,游离 T4 低
甲状腺衰竭时,低 T4 解除负反馈,垂体分泌更多 TSH。若 TSH 低且 T4 低,则提示继发性(垂体性)甲减。
答案: B · It is controlled by many genes and also affected by environment
A single gene with complete dominance gives clear categories. Height is polygenic and is also influenced by nutrition and health, which produces continuous variation.
答案: D · Receptor-mediated endocytosis
In receptor-mediated endocytosis, the substance binds to specific receptors, and that part of the membrane folds in to form a vesicle. Pinocytosis takes in fluid without such specificity, and exocytosis releases material.
答案: D · 58.5 g/mol
23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol. Molar masses of compounds are found by adding the atomic masses of every atom in the formula.
答案: D · The molecule is linear, so the two bond dipoles cancel out
Polarity depends on both bond polarity and shape. CO₂ is linear and symmetrical, so the two equal dipoles point in opposite directions and cancel. Water is bent, so its dipoles do not cancel.
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