护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪类血管把含氧血从肺运回心脏?
肺尖部肿瘤导致同侧面部上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗。哪条通路受到了破坏?
根据泊肃叶定律,如果一根小动脉的半径减半,其血流阻力:
为什么 T1 以上的高位脊髓损伤患者有低血压风险?
Which polymer is correctly matched with its monomer?
Potato cylinders are placed in sugar solutions of different strengths. They gain mass in weak solutions, lose mass in strong ones and show no change at 0.3 mol/L. What can be concluded?
Potassium forms K⁺ ions and sulfur forms S²⁻ ions. What is the name and formula of their compound?
How does a rise in temperature affect how much carbon dioxide gas can dissolve in a soft drink?
答案: C · 肺静脉
四条肺静脉把含氧血注入左心房。它们是“静脉运送缺氧血”这一规律的主要例外。
答案: D · 颈交感干
这是霍纳综合征:交感纤维中断引起上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗,本例是肺尖部(Pancoast)肿瘤压迫交感干所致。
答案: A · 增加约 16 倍
阻力与 1/r⁴ 成正比,因此半径减半使阻力增加 2⁴ = 16 倍。这就是小动脉直径的微小变化能如此有力地控制血流的原因。
答案: B · 通往血管和心脏的交感神经输出被切断
交感输出在 T1–L2 离开脊髓。高于此处的损伤会去除血管张力和心脏的交感驱动,而迷走神经仍在工作,导致低血压和心动过缓(神经源性休克)。
答案: C · Starch and glucose
Starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose, proteins are polymers of amino acids and DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. Fatty acids are parts of lipids, which are not true polymers.
答案: A · The potato cells have a solute concentration of about 0.3 mol/L
Where there is no net osmosis, the solution is isotonic with the cells. So the cell contents have a solute concentration roughly equal to 0.3 mol/L sugar solution.
答案: C · Potassium sulfide, K₂S
Two K⁺ balance one S²⁻, so the formula is K₂S. A single-atom anion takes the ending "-ide": sulfide. Sulfate and sulfite contain oxygen.
答案: A · Less gas dissolves, so warm drinks go flat faster
Gas solubility decreases as temperature rises, because gas molecules gain energy and escape the liquid. Most solids show the opposite trend, dissolving better in hot water.
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