护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
精子离开睾丸后在哪个结构中成熟并储存?
肘部内上髁受伤后,患者小指麻木,手指外展无力。受累的是哪条神经?
在膝跳反射中叩击髌腱时,哪种感受器受到刺激?
为什么严重高钾血症对心脏有危险?
饱和脂肪与不饱和脂肪有何不同?
After a long course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, a patient develops severe diarrhoea caused by Clostridioides difficile. What is the most likely reason?
Water has a high specific heat capacity. How does this help the human body?
Ammonia (NH₃) has three bonding pairs and one lone pair on nitrogen. What is its shape?
答案: D · 附睾
精子在生精小管中产生,然后在附睾中成熟和储存,再进入输精管。
答案: B · 尺神经
尺神经经过内上髁后方。它支配包括骨间肌在内的大部分手内在肌,以及小指的皮肤。
答案: C · 肌梭
叩击肌腱会牵拉股四头肌的肌梭。其传入纤维直接与运动神经元形成突触,通过单突触反射使肌肉收缩。
答案: A · 它使心肌细胞去极化,使钠通道失活并引起心律失常
细胞外钾升高使静息电位的负值变小。随后许多快钠通道失活,传导减慢,有发生致命性心律失常的风险。
答案: B · 它们没有 C=C 双键,通常是固态
饱和脂肪酸只有单键,所以堆积紧密,呈固态(如黄油)。不饱和脂肪中的双键造成弯折,所以是油。
答案: D · The antibiotics killed normal gut bacteria that kept C. difficile in check
Broad-spectrum antibiotics disturb the normal gut flora. Without this competition, C. difficile, which is often resistant, can multiply and release toxins that damage the bowel.
答案: D · It helps keep body temperature stable
Water must absorb or lose a lot of energy to change temperature. Because the body is mostly water, its temperature changes slowly, which helps maintain a stable core temperature.
答案: C · Trigonal pyramidal
The four electron pairs point roughly tetrahedrally, but shape is described by the atoms only. With one corner taken by a lone pair, the N and three H atoms form a pyramid.
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