护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
脑膜的最外层是哪一层?
L4 与 L5 之间典型的后外侧椎间盘突出最常压迫哪条神经根?
血液中大部分二氧化碳以什么形式运输?
大出血后处于早期低血容量性休克的患者,预期会出现哪组体征?
In a pedigree, a trait appears in every generation, and every affected child has at least one affected parent. Which inheritance pattern is most likely?
The rate of an enzyme reaction rises as substrate is added but then levels off, even when more substrate is added. Why?
What is the formula of the hydroxide ion?
In the reaction NaCl(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq), which ions are spectator ions?
答案: A · 硬脑膜
脑膜由外向内依次为硬脑膜、蛛网膜和软脑膜。脑脊液在蛛网膜与软脑膜之间的蛛网膜下腔内流动。
答案: D · L5
L4–L5 后外侧突出通常压迫下行经过的 L5 神经根,导致拇趾背伸无力和足背麻木。
答案: D · 以碳酸氢根离子的形式存在于血浆中
约 70% 的 CO₂ 以碳酸氢盐形式运输。红细胞中的碳酸酐酶把 CO₂ 和水转化为碳酸,碳酸再解离为 H⁺ 和 HCO₃⁻。
答案: A · 心动过速、皮肤湿冷苍白和尿量减少
压力感受器驱动的交感激活使心率加快、皮肤血管收缩。肾灌注减少、ADH 和醛固酮使尿量减少。
答案: D · Autosomal dominant
A dominant trait needs only one allele to show, so it usually appears in every generation and affected people have an affected parent. Recessive traits can appear in children of two unaffected carriers.
答案: D · All the active sites are occupied
At high substrate levels every active site is in use, so the enzyme is saturated and works at its maximum rate. Only adding more enzyme would raise the rate further.
答案: C · OH⁻
Hydroxide is OH⁻, one oxygen and one hydrogen with a 1− charge. H₃O⁺ is the hydronium ion found in acidic solutions.
答案: B · Na⁺ and NO₃⁻
Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ combine to form the solid precipitate AgCl. Na⁺ and NO₃⁻ stay dissolved before and after, so they are spectators. The net ionic equation is Ag⁺ + Cl⁻ → AgCl.
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