护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪块腕骨最常发生骨折,典型情况是摔倒时手掌撑地?
腹股沟斜疝从哪个位置进入腹股沟管?
既然动作电位是"全或无"的,神经元如何传递更强的刺激?
肾髓质中的浓度梯度主要由哪种机制产生?
基因型为 Aa 的植株与 aa 植株杂交。预期后代中有多大比例表现隐性性状?
Ignoring crossing over, how many different combinations of chromosomes can one person's gametes have because of independent assortment?
Water climbs up a narrow glass tube. Which property mainly causes this?
Cells oxidise glucose to CO₂ and water, as burning glucose does. How does cellular respiration differ from burning?
答案: B · 手舟骨
手舟骨是最常骨折的腕骨。解剖学鼻烟窝压痛是一个关键的临床体征。
答案: B · 经腹股沟管深环,位于腹壁下血管外侧
斜疝经深环穿出,位于腹壁下血管外侧,并沿腹股沟管走行。直疝则在腹壁下血管内侧从后壁突出。
答案: D · 更频繁地发放动作电位
刺激强度由动作电位的频率和被募集的神经元数量编码,而不是由其幅度编码。
答案: D · 髓袢的逆流倍增机制
升支主动把 NaCl 转运到间质而不让水随之移动,逆流使这种效应倍增成陡峭的梯度,ADH 随后利用该梯度浓缩尿液。
答案: D · 1/2
后代中 Aa 和 aa 数量相等,所以一半表现隐性表型。这是测交。
答案: B · 2²³, about 8 million
Each of the 23 homologous pairs can orient in two ways at metaphase I, giving 2 × 2 × ... = 2²³ ≈ 8.4 million combinations. Crossing over adds even more variation.
答案: B · Adhesion of water to the glass
Water molecules are attracted to the polar glass surface (adhesion) and pull the column up, while cohesion holds the column together. This is capillary action.
答案: A · It releases the energy in many small, enzyme-controlled steps
Both processes have the same overall equation, C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O, and release the same total energy. Respiration breaks it into many enzyme-catalysed steps so energy can be captured (as ATP) instead of released at once as heat and light.
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