护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
肾上腺的哪一部分分泌肾上腺素?
肱骨干中段骨折后,患者不能伸腕和伸指(“垂腕”)。最可能损伤的是哪条神经?
在心动周期的哪个时相,四个心脏瓣膜全部关闭而心室压力上升?
为什么深潜者快速上浮有患减压病的风险?
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Why is ATP described as an energy carrier rather than a long-term energy store?
What colour is phenolphthalein indicator in a basic solution?
A strip of magnesium is burned in air and the white ash weighs more than the original strip. Why?
答案: B · 肾上腺髓质
肾上腺髓质在交感神经刺激下释放肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素。皮质的三个带产生类固醇激素。
答案: B · 桡神经
桡神经走行于肱骨干的桡神经沟(螺旋沟)内。它支配伸腕肌和伸指肌,因此损伤会导致垂腕。
答案: D · 等容收缩期
房室瓣关闭后,心室在半月瓣关闭的情况下收缩。压力升高而容积不变,直到主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣打开。
答案: A · 在高压下溶解的氮气在压力下降时形成气泡
在深处,更多氮气溶解到组织中。如果压力下降过快,氮气会以气泡形式从组织和血液中析出,引起“潜水病”。
答案: A · Photosynthesis
Plants, algae and some bacteria take in CO₂ during photosynthesis and build it into sugars. Respiration, combustion and decomposition all release CO₂.
答案: D · Cells hold only a little and constantly recycle it from ADP
Cells keep only a small amount of ATP and remake it all the time from ADP and phosphate using energy from respiration. Long-term energy is stored as glycogen and fat.
答案: D · Pink
Phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic and neutral solutions and turns pink in basic solutions (above about pH 8–10). It is widely used in acid–base titrations.
答案: A · Oxygen from the air has combined with the magnesium
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. The ash includes oxygen atoms taken from the air, so it weighs more than the magnesium alone. In a closed system, total mass would not change.
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