护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
大脑的哪一部分主要负责协调和平衡?
胎儿的动脉导管连接肺动脉干与主动脉。出生后它变成什么?
射血分数如何计算?
一名惊恐发作时过度通气的患者手指麻刺。动脉血气最可能显示什么?
A cell has a nucleus and mitochondria but no cell wall and no chloroplasts. What kind of cell is it most likely to be?
A pesticide that is not broken down is sprayed on crops. Later, hawks at the top of the food chain have much higher levels of it than the insects. Why?
How does dissolving salt in water affect the water's boiling point?
Under which conditions does a real gas behave least like an ideal gas?
答案: D · 小脑
小脑精细调节运动、姿势和平衡。损伤会导致共济失调和步态不稳。
答案: A · 动脉韧带
动脉导管在出生后闭合,成为动脉韧带。卵圆孔变成卵圆窝,静脉导管变成静脉韧带。
答案: B · 每搏输出量 ÷ 舒张末期容积
射血分数是充盈的心室中每搏射出的血量所占的比例。正常值约为 55–70%。
答案: C · pH 升高,PaCO₂ 降低
过度通气排出 CO₂,引起急性呼吸性碱中毒。碱中毒使钙与白蛋白的结合增加,离子钙降低,从而引起麻刺感。
答案: C · An animal cell
A nucleus and mitochondria show it is eukaryotic. Plant and fungal cells both have cell walls, and plant cells have chloroplasts, so the cell is most likely an animal cell.
答案: C · Each predator eats many prey, so the pesticide builds up at each level
A stable pesticide is stored in the body rather than excreted. Each organism at a higher level eats many organisms from the level below, so the concentration rises along the food chain. This is how DDT harmed birds of prey.
答案: C · It raises the boiling point slightly
Dissolved solute lowers the vapour pressure, so a higher temperature is needed to boil. This boiling point elevation is a colligative property, like freezing point depression.
答案: C · High pressure and low temperature
At high pressure the particles are close, so their own volume matters; at low temperature they move slowly, so attractions matter. Both break the ideal gas assumptions.
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