护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
成人的脊髓通常终止于哪里?
为什么移位的股骨颈骨折发生股骨头缺血性坏死的风险很高?
哪些感受器主要对动脉血氧水平下降起反应?
一名小细胞肺癌患者血钠低、血浆渗透压低,但尿液却不恰当地浓缩。最可能的解释是什么?
Nearly all cells in a person's body contain the same DNA. Why do nerve cells and muscle cells look and work so differently?
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to bacterial ribosomes. Which process does it block, and why are human cells much less affected?
What is the oxidation number of an element in its uncombined (elemental) form, such as Fe or O₂?
Which statement correctly distinguishes a scientific law from a scientific theory?
答案: C · 大约在 L1–L2 椎骨水平
成人脊髓在 L1–L2 附近以脊髓圆锥终止。其下是马尾,所以腰椎穿刺在 L3–L4 或 L4–L5 进行。
答案: A · 它撕裂了旋股内侧动脉的支持带支
股骨头主要由沿股骨颈走行的旋股内侧动脉支持带支供血。移位的股骨颈骨折会撕裂这些血管,股骨头可能因此坏死。
答案: A · 颈动脉体和主动脉体中的外周化学感受器
颈动脉体和主动脉体检测低 PaO₂(也检测高 CO₂ 和 H⁺)。中枢化学感受器对 CO₂ 起反应,但不直接对氧起反应。
答案: B · 抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征
在 SIADH 中,过多的 ADH 使肾脏保留水分,稀释血浆,而尿液保持浓缩。小细胞肺癌可以分泌 ADH。
答案: D · Different genes are switched on in each type of cell
Each cell type expresses a different set of genes, making different proteins. Muscle cells express genes for contractile proteins, and nerve cells express genes for neurotransmitters and ion channels.
答案: C · Translation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
Ribosomes carry out translation. Bacterial ribosomes (70S) are smaller and differ in structure from human cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S), so some antibiotics can target them selectively.
答案: C · 0
An element on its own has an oxidation number of 0, because there is no transfer or unequal sharing of electrons with a different element.
答案: C · A law describes what happens; a theory explains why it happens
A law summarises a consistent pattern, often as a rule or equation (mass is conserved). A theory is a well-tested explanation of why (atoms are rearranged, not created). Theories do not turn into laws.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/teas-science-practice