护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
心脏壁的哪一层含有心肌?
L4 与 L5 之间典型的后外侧椎间盘突出最常压迫哪条神经根?
为什么未控制的糖尿病患者尿中会出现葡萄糖?
为什么乳糖酶缺乏的人喝牛奶后会腹泻和腹胀?
A cut in the skin heals as new skin cells fill the wound. Which process produces these cells?
Bacteria grown in heavy nitrogen (¹⁵N) are moved to normal nitrogen (¹⁴N) and allowed to divide once. All their DNA now has a density halfway between heavy and light. Which model of replication does this support?
When a nucleus emits an alpha particle, how do its mass number and atomic number change?
A compound has the empirical formula CH₂ and a molar mass of 42 g/mol (C = 12, H = 1). What is its molecular formula?
答案: C · 心肌层
心肌层是厚厚的中间肌层。心内膜衬于心腔内面,心外膜覆盖外表面。
答案: B · L5
L4–L5 后外侧突出通常压迫下行经过的 L5 神经根,导致拇趾背伸无力和足背麻木。
答案: D · 滤过负荷超过了肾小管的最大转运量
近端小管的 SGLT 载体只能重吸收有限的葡萄糖。血糖高时,滤过负荷超过这一最大值,多余的葡萄糖随尿排出。
答案: A · 未消化的乳糖把水吸入肠道,并被结肠细菌发酵
未被吸收的乳糖产生渗透作用,把水拉入肠腔。结肠细菌将其发酵,产生气体和短链脂肪酸。
答案: B · Mitosis
Growth and repair of body tissues happen by mitosis, which makes genetically identical diploid cells. Meiosis makes gametes only.
答案: A · Semiconservative replication
This is the Meselson–Stahl experiment. Intermediate density after one generation means each molecule had one old (heavy) and one new (light) strand. Conservative replication would have given separate heavy and light bands.
答案: B · Mass number falls by 4 and atomic number falls by 2
Losing 2 protons and 2 neutrons lowers the mass number by 4 and the atomic number by 2, so a new element forms two places earlier in the periodic table.
答案: D · C₃H₆
CH₂ has a mass of 14 g/mol, and 42 ÷ 14 = 3. Multiplying every subscript by 3 gives C₃H₆.
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