护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
臂丛由哪些脊神经根组成?
L4–L5 巨大中央型椎间盘突出导致鞍区麻木、尿潴留和双下肢无力。受压的是哪个结构?
肺活量是哪些肺容积之和?
测量肾小球滤过率的金标准是哪种物质的清除率?
A seedling is 4 cm tall at week 1, 8 cm at week 2, 12 cm at week 3 and 16 cm at week 4. If the trend continues, how tall will it be at week 6?
Bacteria in a closed flask grow quickly at first, but the population then stops increasing. What is the main reason?
What feature makes a hydrocarbon an alkene?
A catalyst is added to an exothermic reaction. How does the energy diagram change?
答案: B · C5 至 T1
臂丛由 C5、C6、C7、C8 和 T1 的前支组成,发出上肢的主要神经。
答案: C · 马尾
L1–L2 以下的椎管内是马尾。这些腰骶神经根受到中央型压迫会引起马尾综合征,属于外科急症。
答案: B · 潮气量、补吸气量和补呼气量
肺活量 = IRV + TV + ERV。它不包括始终留在肺内的残气量。
答案: D · 菊粉
菊粉能自由滤过,既不被重吸收也不被分泌,所以其清除率恰好等于 GFR。肌酐会少量分泌,因此会略微高估 GFR。
答案: A · 24 cm
The plant grows 4 cm each week. Two more weeks after week 4 gives 16 + 4 + 4 = 24 cm. Predicting beyond measured data (extrapolation) assumes the trend continues.
答案: A · Nutrients run out and waste products build up
In a closed culture, food is used up and toxic wastes accumulate. Births then equal deaths (stationary phase), and later deaths outnumber divisions (death phase).
答案: D · At least one carbon–carbon double bond
Alkenes contain at least one C=C double bond, which makes them unsaturated and more reactive than alkanes. Their general formula is CₙH₂ₙ.
答案: C · The peak is lower, but the energy of reactants and products stays the same
The catalyst lowers the activation energy (the peak), but the reactant and product energies are unchanged, so ΔH is the same. It speeds up the reaction without changing how much energy it releases.
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