护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
脑底的 Willis 环(大脑动脉环)连接哪两个动脉供血系统?
早期阑尾炎常表现为脐周的模糊疼痛。为什么?
典型神经元动作电位的去极化期是哪种离子进入细胞引起的?
一个健康人躺着后迅速站起。哪个反射能防止晕厥?
What happens to a protein when it is denatured?
Fleming saw a clear area with no bacteria around a Penicillium mould growing on a bacterial plate. What was the best explanation?
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂ 是哪种类型的反应?
Why are the radioactive tracers used for medical imaging usually chosen to have short half-lives?
答案: C · 颈内动脉系统和椎-基底动脉系统
Willis 环把颈内动脉与基底动脉(由椎动脉汇合而成)连接起来,可提供一定的侧支血流。
答案: B · 其内脏神经与脐部皮肤一样在 T10 进入脊髓
来自中肠结构的内脏痛牵涉到脐周的 T10 皮节。当壁腹膜发生炎症时,疼痛便定位到右髂窝。
答案: D · 钠离子(Na⁺)
电压门控 Na⁺ 通道打开,Na⁺ 内流使膜去极化。随后 K⁺ 外流使膜复极化。
答案: D · 压力感受器反射使心率加快、血管收缩
血液淤积在腿部,血压下降;压力感受器发放减少,几秒内交感活动增强、迷走活动减弱,心率和血管张力随之升高。
答案: D · It loses its 3D shape but keeps its amino acid sequence
Denaturing breaks the hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions that hold a protein's folded shape. The peptide bonds remain, so the sequence is unchanged, but the protein can no longer do its job.
答案: D · The mould released a substance that killed or stopped the bacteria
The mould released penicillin, which diffused into the agar and killed nearby bacteria. Penicillin blocks the building of the peptidoglycan cell wall.
答案: C · 置换反应
锌取代了 HCl 中的氢:A + BC → AC + B,是置换反应。
答案: A · They give a strong signal for imaging but leave the body's tissues exposed only briefly
A short half-life means the tracer is active long enough for the scan and then quickly decays, which limits the patient's total radiation dose. Gamma emitters are preferred because gamma rays escape the body to reach the camera.
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