护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
肩袖由冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌和哪块肌肉组成?
难产时颈部受到牵拉,婴儿的手臂垂在身旁,呈内旋、前臂旋前(“侍者索小费”姿势)。臂丛的哪一部分受损?
射血分数如何计算?
为什么严重高钾血症对心脏有危险?
Dolly the sheep was cloned by putting the nucleus of an adult body cell into an egg cell whose nucleus had been removed. Whose nuclear DNA did Dolly have?
An Rh-negative mother gives birth to an Rh-positive baby. Why could a later Rh-positive pregnancy be at risk?
Sulfur has 16 electrons. In which period of the periodic table is it?
Which coefficients balance the equation for cellular respiration, __C₆H₁₂O₆ + __O₂ → __CO₂ + __H₂O?
答案: D · 肩胛下肌
SITS:冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌(teres minor)和肩胛下肌。大圆肌位置很近,但不属于肩袖。
答案: C · 上干(C5–C6)
埃尔布麻痹由上干(C5–C6)受牵拉引起,使三角肌、外旋肌和肱二头肌瘫痪。下干损伤(克隆普克麻痹)则累及手部小肌肉。
答案: D · 每搏输出量 ÷ 舒张末期容积
射血分数是充盈的心室中每搏射出的血量所占的比例。正常值约为 55–70%。
答案: A · 它使心肌细胞去极化,使钠通道失活并引起心律失常
细胞外钾升高使静息电位的负值变小。随后许多快钠通道失活,传导减慢,有发生致命性心律失常的风险。
答案: B · The sheep that gave the body cell nucleus
In this method, called somatic cell nuclear transfer, the clone gets its nuclear DNA from the donor of the body cell. Only the small amount of mitochondrial DNA came from the egg.
答案: D · She may have made anti-D antibodies that cross the placenta
Exposure to the baby's RhD-positive cells can sensitise the mother, so she makes anti-D antibodies. In a later pregnancy these can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red cells (haemolytic disease of the newborn). Anti-D immunoglobulin is given to prevent sensitisation.
答案: B · Period 3
Sulfur's arrangement is 2, 8, 6. It has three occupied shells, so it is in period 3. The 6 outer electrons place it in group 16.
答案: D · 1, 6, 6, 6
6 C gives 6CO₂; 12 H gives 6H₂O. Oxygen on the right is 12 + 6 = 18; glucose supplies 6, so 12 more from 6O₂. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O.
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