护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
大腿前面哪组肌肉使膝关节伸展?
在股三角内,主要结构由外向内的排列顺序是什么?
动脉血 pH 的正常范围是多少?
发热开始时,尽管体温正在上升,患者却寒战并感到冷。为什么?
What is a bacterial endospore?
The wings of a bat and the wings of a butterfly are used for flying but have very different structures. What are they called, and what does this show?
What charge do group 16 elements such as oxygen and sulfur usually have as ions?
100 mL of 1 M NaCl is mixed with 100 mL of 3 M NaCl. What is the concentration of the mixture?
答案: C · 股四头肌
股四头肌(股直肌和三块股肌)通过髌韧带使膝关节伸展。腘绳肌使膝关节屈曲。
答案: C · 股神经、股动脉、股静脉
由外向内依次为:神经、动脉、静脉,然后是空隙和淋巴管(NAVEL)。这就是股动脉搏动位于神经和静脉之间的原因。
答案: D · 7.35 到 7.45
动脉血 pH 正常为 7.35–7.45。低于 7.35 为酸血症,高于 7.45 为碱血症。
答案: B · 致热原把下丘脑体温调定点升高到当前体温以上
致热原促使下丘脑产生前列腺素 E₂,使调定点升高。在体温达到新的调定点之前,会出现寒战等产热反应。
答案: D · A tough, dormant form that survives heat, drying and many disinfectants
Some bacteria, such as Clostridium and Bacillus, form endospores to survive harsh conditions. Spores resist boiling and alcohol, which is why sterilisation methods such as autoclaving are needed to kill them.
答案: B · Analogous structures, which evolved separately for the same job
Analogous structures have similar functions but evolved independently in unrelated groups, a process called convergent evolution. Homologous structures share an origin, even if their functions differ.
答案: D · 2−
Group 16 atoms have 6 valence electrons and gain 2 to reach 8, forming ions such as O²⁻ (oxide) and S²⁻ (sulfide).
答案: B · 2 M
Moles = (0.1 L × 1 M) + (0.1 L × 3 M) = 0.1 + 0.3 = 0.4 mol. Total volume = 0.2 L. Concentration = 0.4 ÷ 0.2 = 2 M.
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