护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪对脑神经支配斜方肌和胸锁乳突肌?
门静脉高压时,食管静脉曲张形成于哪个门-体静脉吻合处?
除了降低血糖外,胰岛素还把哪种离子转移到细胞内?这一作用被用于治疗高钾血症。
一名小细胞肺癌患者血钠低、血浆渗透压低,但尿液却不恰当地浓缩。最可能的解释是什么?
How do embryonic stem cells differ from most adult stem cells?
A plant that is AaBb is crossed with an AaBB plant. A and B are dominant, and the genes assort independently. What fraction of the offspring show both dominant traits?
What is the normal boiling point of a liquid?
Pepsin digests protein in the stomach at about pH 2, but it stops working once food moves into the small intestine, where the pH is higher. Why?
答案: B · 副神经(XI)
副神经(XI)支配胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌。损伤会使转头和耸肩无力。
答案: A · 胃左静脉与奇静脉的食管属支之间
在食管下段,胃左静脉中的门静脉血与汇入奇静脉系统的食管静脉中的体循环血相汇。门静脉压力升高使这些静脉扩张。
答案: C · 钾
胰岛素刺激 Na⁺/K⁺-ATP 酶,使钾转移进入细胞。因此胰岛素加葡萄糖被用来降低危险的高血钾。
答案: B · 抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征
在 SIADH 中,过多的 ADH 使肾脏保留水分,稀释血浆,而尿液保持浓缩。小细胞肺癌可以分泌 ADH。
答案: B · They can become almost any cell type, while adult stem cells are more limited
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent: they can form nearly all body cell types. Adult stem cells usually produce only the cell types of their own tissue, such as blood cells from bone marrow.
答案: D · 3/4
Bb × BB gives all offspring with at least one B, so 1 for trait B. Aa × Aa gives 3/4 with at least one A. 3/4 × 1 = 3/4 show both dominant traits.
答案: B · The temperature at which its vapour pressure equals 1 atmosphere
A liquid boils when its vapour pressure equals the surrounding pressure. The normal boiling point is measured at 1 atm (sea-level pressure), which is 100 °C for water.
答案: A · The change in pH alters the shape of pepsin's active site
Enzymes work best at an optimum pH. Away from it, changes in charge on the enzyme disturb the bonds holding its shape, so the active site no longer fits the substrate.
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