护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪对脑神经支配大部分面部表情肌?
卒中后,患者说话流利,但用词毫无意义,且不能理解别人说话。病变最可能在哪里?
为什么心肌不能像骨骼肌那样发生强直收缩?
心室不与心房同时收缩的主要原因是什么?
A person catches chickenpox once and does not usually become ill with it again. Why?
Which evidence supports the theory that mitochondria came from bacteria that lived inside an ancient cell?
How does a mixture of iron filings and sulfur powder differ from the compound iron sulfide?
下列哪一种是弱酸?
答案: D · 面神经(VII)
面神经(第 VII 对脑神经)支配面部表情肌。损伤会导致面瘫,例如贝尔麻痹。
答案: D · 优势半球颞上回后部
这是韦尼克失语(感受性失语),由颞上回后部的韦尼克区受损引起。额下回的布洛卡区受损则引起非流利性失语。
答案: B · 它的不应期很长,几乎与收缩持续的时间一样长
心肌动作电位的平台期使不应期很长,因此心肌在能再次兴奋之前已经舒张。这使心脏得以重新充盈。
答案: C · 房室结处传导延迟
房室结传导缓慢(约 0.1 s 延迟),因此心房收缩能在心室去极化开始前完成心室充盈。
答案: D · Memory cells give a faster, stronger response the next time
After the first infection, memory B and T cells remain. On a second exposure they respond much faster and more strongly, so the virus is cleared before it causes illness.
答案: A · They have their own circular DNA, ribosomes and a double membrane
The endosymbiotic theory is supported by mitochondria having circular DNA, bacteria-like ribosomes, a double membrane and division by a process like binary fission. Chloroplasts show the same features.
答案: D · The mixture can be separated physically, for example with a magnet
In a mixture the components are not chemically bonded, keep their properties and can be present in any ratio, so a magnet pulls out the iron. In iron sulfide the elements are bonded in a fixed ratio with new properties.
答案: A · 乙酸(食醋中)
乙酸只释放出一小部分氢离子。HCl、HNO₃ 和 H₂SO₄ 是完全电离的强酸。
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