护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
在踝部内踝正后方可以摸到哪条动脉的搏动?
L4–L5 巨大中央型椎间盘突出导致鞍区麻木、尿潴留和双下肢无力。受压的是哪个结构?
肺活量是哪些肺容积之和?
一名患者服用大剂量泼尼松龙已一年。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴处于什么状态?
When most people in a community are vaccinated, people who cannot be vaccinated are also protected. Why?
A drug lowered blood pressure in a study of 20 men aged 40 to 50. Why might the result not apply to women over 70?
How does electronegativity change going down a group?
Ammonia (NH₃) has three bonding pairs and one lone pair on nitrogen. What is its shape?
答案: B · 胫后动脉
胫后动脉经内踝后方进入足底。足背动脉的搏动在足背上触摸。
答案: B · 马尾
L1–L2 以下的椎管内是马尾。这些腰骶神经根受到中央型压迫会引起马尾综合征,属于外科急症。
答案: A · 潮气量、补吸气量和补呼气量
肺活量 = IRV + TV + ERV。它不包括始终留在肺内的残气量。
答案: C · ACTH 受到抑制,肾上腺皮质萎缩
外源性糖皮质激素抑制 CRH 和 ACTH,因此肾上腺皮质萎缩。突然停药可能引起肾上腺危象,所以要逐渐减量。
答案: B · The pathogen has too few hosts to spread easily
When most people are immune, chains of transmission are broken, so the pathogen rarely reaches unprotected people such as newborns or those with weak immune systems.
答案: D · The sample did not represent that group
Results can only be applied confidently to people similar to those studied. Age and sex may change how a drug works, so the findings need to be tested in a more representative sample.
答案: A · It decreases
Going down a group, the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and more shielded, so the atom attracts bonding electrons less strongly. Electronegativity decreases.
答案: A · Trigonal pyramidal
The four electron pairs point roughly tetrahedrally, but shape is described by the atoms only. With one corner taken by a lone pair, the N and three H atoms form a pyramid.
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