护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
枕骨大孔位于颅骨的哪块骨上?
髋关节的主要屈肌是哪块?
为什么有髓鞘的轴突传导动作电位比无髓鞘的快?
在恶性贫血中,胃壁细胞的自身免疫性破坏导致贫血,是因为:
Dolly the sheep was cloned by putting the nucleus of an adult body cell into an egg cell whose nucleus had been removed. Whose nuclear DNA did Dolly have?
Two genes lie very close together on the same chromosome. In a test cross, most offspring look like the parents instead of the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio. Why?
pH 为 3 的溶液与 pH 为 5 的溶液相比如何?
Ammonia (NH₃) has three bonding pairs and one lone pair on nitrogen. What is its shape?
答案: D · 枕骨
枕骨大孔是枕骨上的大开口,延髓经此向下延续为脊髓。
答案: C · 髂腰肌
髂腰肌(腰大肌和髂肌)是最强的屈髋肌。臀大肌负责伸髋。
答案: A · 冲动在郎飞结之间跳跃
髓鞘使轴突绝缘,因此动作电位只在郎飞结处产生。这种跳跃式传导要快得多。
答案: D · 内因子丧失,因此维生素 B12 不能被吸收
壁细胞分泌内因子,它是回肠末端吸收 B12 所必需的。B12 缺乏会损害 DNA 合成,引起巨幼细胞贫血。
答案: C · The sheep that gave the body cell nucleus
In this method, called somatic cell nuclear transfer, the clone gets its nuclear DNA from the donor of the body cell. Only the small amount of mitochondrial DNA came from the egg.
答案: C · The genes are linked and are rarely separated by crossing over
Independent assortment applies to genes on different chromosomes. Linked genes are inherited together unless crossing over separates them, and the closer they are, the less often this happens.
答案: D · 氢离子多 100 倍
pH 是对数标度:相差 2 个单位意味着 H⁺ 浓度相差 10² = 100 倍,pH 较低的酸性更强。
答案: C · Trigonal pyramidal
The four electron pairs point roughly tetrahedrally, but shape is described by the atoms only. With one corner taken by a lone pair, the N and three H atoms form a pyramid.
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