护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
脑干的哪一部分含有主要的心血管中枢和呼吸中枢?
一位主动脉弓巨大动脉瘤患者出现声音嘶哑。最可能受压的是哪条神经?
在骨骼肌中,收缩所需的大部分钙来自哪里?
根据长度-张力关系,为什么骨骼肌纤维被过度拉长时产生的力更小?
Which statement about identical and non-identical twins is correct?
Why is one new DNA strand made in short pieces (Okazaki fragments) during replication?
Which measurement has three significant figures?
A solution of a strong acid has pH 2. It is diluted with water to 10 times its original volume. What is the new pH?
答案: B · 延髓
延髓含有调节心率、血压和呼吸节律的生命中枢。
答案: A · 左喉返神经
左喉返神经在动脉韧带旁勾绕主动脉弓下方。它支配大部分喉肌,因此受压会导致声音嘶哑。
答案: A · 肌质网
T 管去极化打开肌质网上的雷诺丁受体,把储存的钙释放到细胞质中。
答案: C · 肌动蛋白与肌球蛋白的重叠减少,形成的横桥减少
最大力量出现在肌丝重叠最佳的最适肌节长度。过度拉长使重叠减少;长度太短则使肌丝相互碰撞。
答案: A · Identical twins come from one zygote; non-identical twins come from two
Identical twins form when one zygote splits, so they share the same genes. Non-identical (fraternal) twins come from two eggs fertilised by two different sperm, so they are as alike as ordinary siblings.
答案: C · DNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end. One strand (leading) is made continuously towards the fork, and the other (lagging) is made in short fragments that ligase later joins together.
答案: D · 0.00560
In 0.00560 the leading zeros are placeholders, while 5, 6 and the final 0 are significant. 0.0056 and 56 have two significant figures and 5.0006 has five.
答案: B · 3
[H⁺] goes from 10⁻² to 10⁻³ mol/L, so the pH rises by one unit to 3. Diluting an acid makes its pH higher (less acidic), never lower.
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