护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪条动脉供应左心室前壁的大部分和室间隔的前部?
一名足球运动员支撑腿的膝关节外侧受到撞击。哪种损伤组合被经典地称为“膝关节三联征”(unhappy triad)?
Frank–Starling 机制描述的是:
在原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退(艾迪生病)中,预期出现哪种组合?
Where does the oxygen released by photosynthesis come from?
Some chemotherapy drugs stop spindle fibres from forming. Why do they often cause hair loss and damage to the gut lining?
Why is a carbon dioxide extinguisher effective on many fires?
At room temperature chlorine (Cl₂) is a gas, bromine (Br₂) is a liquid and iodine (I₂) is a solid. What best explains this trend?
答案: C · 左前降支
左前降支(前室间支)供应左心室前壁和室间隔前三分之二。它的阻塞会导致前壁梗死。
答案: A · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
外翻力加旋转会撕裂内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带以及与内侧副韧带紧密相连的内侧半月板。
答案: C · 心室充盈增加时,每搏输出量增加
舒张末期容积越大,心肌被拉伸得越多,收缩力和每搏输出量就越大,从而使输出与静脉回流相匹配。
答案: B · 低钠、高钾和高 ACTH
醛固酮缺乏导致钠丢失和钾潴留。皮质醇低使负反馈消失,因此 ACTH 升高,并可能引起皮肤色素沉着。
答案: B · From water molecules that are split
In the light-dependent reactions, water is split to replace electrons lost by chlorophyll, and oxygen is released. The carbon atoms from CO₂ end up in sugar.
答案: B · These tissues also contain rapidly dividing cells
Spindle poisons block mitosis in any cell that is dividing. Cancer cells divide rapidly, but so do cells in hair follicles, the gut lining and bone marrow, which explains these common side effects.
答案: C · CO₂ is denser than air and pushes oxygen away from the fire
CO₂ does not burn and is heavier than air, so it forms a layer that cuts off oxygen from the fire. It also cools the fire as the gas expands from the cylinder.
答案: D · Larger molecules with more electrons have stronger dispersion forces
Going down group 17 the molecules get bigger with more electrons, so temporary dipoles are larger and dispersion forces stronger. More energy is needed to separate the molecules, raising melting and boiling points.
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