护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
心脏壁的哪一层含有心肌?
窦房结最常由哪条冠状动脉供血?
血浆白蛋白降低(如严重肝病时)引起水肿,主要是因为:
哪项肺功能结果是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的典型表现?
Which kind of mutation can be passed on to a person's children?
Why does cooking oil not mix with water?
A reaction has a theoretical yield of 20 g, but only 15 g of product is collected. What is the percent yield?
A gas occupies 4 L at 2 atm and 200 K. What is its volume at 1 atm and 400 K?
答案: D · 心肌层
心肌层是厚厚的中间肌层。心内膜衬于心腔内面,心外膜覆盖外表面。
答案: B · 右冠状动脉
约 60% 的人窦房结动脉起自右冠状动脉,其余起自回旋支。
答案: B · 血浆胶体渗透压下降
白蛋白产生血浆胶体渗透压的大部分,把液体吸回毛细血管。白蛋白降低时,更多液体留在组织中。
答案: C · FEV1/FVC 比值低于 0.7
气道狭窄使呼气减慢,因此 FEV1 的下降多于 FVC,比值降到 0.7 以下。在 COPD 中,这种改变不能被支气管扩张剂完全逆转。
答案: C · A mutation in a cell that forms eggs or sperm
Germline mutations, in cells that form gametes, can be inherited. Somatic mutations in body cells, such as UV damage in skin, affect only that person and may cause cancer, but are not passed to children.
答案: B · Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
Water molecules attract each other by hydrogen bonds. Nonpolar oil molecules cannot take part in these bonds, so water excludes them and the oil separates, usually floating on top.
答案: B · 75%
15 ÷ 20 × 100 = 75%. Percent yield above 100% would point to an error, such as a wet or impure product.
答案: B · 16 L
V₂ = P₁V₁T₂ ÷ (T₁P₂) = (2 × 4 × 400) ÷ (200 × 1) = 16 L. Halving the pressure doubles the volume, and doubling the temperature doubles it again.
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