1.تحديد الأولويات والتفويضمتوسطة
بعد التسليم والاستلام، أي مريض ينبغي أن تراه الممرضة أولًا؟
- Aمريض سكري سكر دمه قبل الإفطار 160 mg/dL (8,9 mmol/L)
- Bمريض بعد يومين من استبدال الورك ألمه 5/10
- Cمريض ذات رئة حرارته 38,2 °C تناول خافضًا للحرارة قبل 30 دقيقة
- Dمريض ربو يستخدم عضلات التنفس المساعدة وإشباع الأكسجين SpO₂ لديه 88%
2.تحديد الأولويات والتفويضصعبة
A patient with diabetes is sweaty and confused, and no glucose meter is available. The patient can swallow. What should the nurse do?
- AGive a dose of rapid-acting insulin in case the glucose is high
- BAsk the patient to lie down and sleep it off
- CTreat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
- DWithhold all food and fluids until a meter is found
3.مكافحة العدوى وسلامة المرضىمتوسطة
A confused patient keeps pulling at an IV line. Which is a less restrictive option to consider before wrist restraints?
- AUsing a vest restraint in the chair so that the patient’s hands stay down
- BCovering the site with a sleeve or using hand mitts with supervision
- CTying both arms to the bed frame
- DGiving a sedative every few hours
4.مكافحة العدوى وسلامة المرضىصعبة
A patient has signed a surgical consent form but tells the nurse, “I don’t really understand what they are going to do.” What should the nurse do?
- AInform the surgeon so the procedure can be explained again before any sedation
- BReassure the patient that the surgeon knows best and continue with the preparation
- CGive the preoperative sedative so the patient relaxes
- DExplain the risks and benefits in place of the surgeon
5.القيم المخبرية والشواردمتوسطة
On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12,5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?
- ADefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now
- BA common stress response to surgery that is monitored
- CA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing
- DA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
6.القيم المخبرية والشواردصعبة
A patient with acute kidney injury has a potassium of 6,8 mEq/L despite medical treatment, a pH of 7,12 and pulmonary edema not responding to diuretics. Which treatment is most likely needed?
- AMore oral fluid
- BAn IV magnesium dose
- CA potassium supplement
- DUrgent dialysis
7.التمريض السريريمتوسطة
A patient with pneumonia is breathless and coughing up thick sputum. Which nursing measure helps most with breathing?
- ASitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
- BLying the patient flat so that they can rest and conserve energy
- CRestricting all oral fluids
- DDiscouraging coughing to save energy
8.التمريض السريريصعبة
مريض بعد استبدال كامل لمفصل الورك يعاني فجأة من ألم شديد في الورك وقِصَر في الساق ودوران فيها. ما المضاعفة الأرجح؟
- Aخلع البدلة (المفصل الاصطناعي)
- Bاحتباس البول
- Cتخثر الأوردة العميقة في بطة الساق
- Dعدوى الجرح
9.التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسيمتوسطة
Why are IV fluids given cautiously to a patient with heart failure?
- AExtra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
- BIV fluids stop diuretics from being absorbed
- CIV fluids lower the blood pressure dangerously
- DIV fluids directly damage the heart valves
10.التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسيصعبة
Two days after coronary artery bypass surgery, a patient feels palpitations. The pulse is irregularly irregular at 140/min and BP is 112/70 mmHg. Which rhythm is most likely?
- ASinus tachycardia
- BVentricular fibrillation
- CAtrial fibrillation
- DComplete heart block
11.التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلىمتوسطة
A patient with Graves' eye disease has gritty eyes and swelling around them in the morning. Which advice is most appropriate?
- AUse lubricating drops and sleep with the head raised
- BRub the eyes firmly each morning to reduce the swelling
- CStay in bright sunlight to dry the eyes
- DSmoking more will not affect the eyes
12.التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلىصعبة
مريض موصول بجهاز تنفس صناعي مصاب برضح دماغي. أيّ هدف لـ PaCO₂ يُسعى إليه عادةً ما لم يكن الفتق وشيكًا؟
- APaCO₂ مرتفع لفتح الأوعية الدماغية
- Bأي PaCO₂ لأنه لا يؤثر في الضغط داخل القحف
- CPaCO₂ منخفض بفرط تهوية مطوّل
- DPaCO₂ طبيعي (طبيعي ثنائي أكسيد الكربون)
13.التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الجهاز الهضمي وما حول الجراحة والأوراممتوسطة
Why is pethidine (meperidine) generally avoided for regular pain relief?
- AIt always causes severe diarrhoea
- BIt can only be given by mouth
- CIt has no pain-relieving effect at all in adults
- DA metabolite can build up and cause seizures
14.التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الجهاز الهضمي وما حول الجراحة والأورامصعبة
On day 3 after admission, a patient with alcohol dependence becomes confused, with hallucinations, sweating, tremor, fever and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause?
- ANormal anxiety about being in hospital
- BAn allergic reaction to hospital food
- CHepatitis A caught on the ward
- DDelirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal