ورقة عمل القيم المخبرية والشوارد مع الإجابات

What is the main role of platelets?

1. ATo carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
2. BTo form a plug at the site of vessel injury
3. CTo produce antibodies against bacteria and viruses
4. DTo break down old red cells in the spleen

Which liver test is especially sensitive to heavy alcohol use?

1. ASerum creatinine and BUN
2. BSerum lipase (pancreatic enzyme)
3. CGamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
4. DCardiac troponin I or T

Why is AST less specific for liver damage than ALT?

1. AAST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle
2. BAST is made by the bone marrow, not the liver
3. CAST is not measured in the blood at all
4. DAST is found only in the kidney tubules

مريض مصاب باضطراب نظم بطيني يظهر على الشاشة نمط ملتوٍ (torsades de pointes). أي شاردة تُعطى عادةً وريديًا للعلاج؟

1. Aفوسفات البوتاسيوم
2. Bكربونات الكالسيوم
3. Cبيكربونات الصوديوم
4. Dكبريتات المغنيزيوم

Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?

1. AIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
2. BIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
3. CIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
4. DThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes

How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?

1. AIt rises, because GFR falls
2. BIt rises with every week
3. CIt stays exactly the same
4. DIt falls, because GFR rises

A patient has fever, confusion, a platelet count of 15 × 10³/µL, anemia with fragmented red cells (schistocytes) and a raised creatinine. Clotting times are normal. Which condition should be suspected?

1. AThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
2. BVitamin K deficiency with bleeding
3. CDisseminated intravascular coagulation
4. DImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHypoglycemia from fasting
2. BMalignant hyperthermia
3. CAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction
4. DHypovolemic shock