ورقة عمل القيم المخبرية والشوارد مع الإجابات

Which body system shows the main symptoms of a low serum sodium?

1. AThe skeleton
2. BThe eyes only
3. CThe skin and hair
4. DThe nervous system

A raised eosinophil count is most typical of:

1. AAcute bacterial pneumonia and sepsis
2. BAllergic conditions and parasitic infections
3. CViral infections such as glandular fever
4. DAcute blood loss after trauma

Which group of symptoms is linked to hypercalcemia ("stones, bones, groans and moans")?

1. ATetany, muscle cramps, tingling and seizures
2. BJaundice, itching, pale stools and dark urine
3. CHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhea
4. DKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion

Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?

1. AIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
2. BIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
3. CIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
4. DThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes

A patient on hemodialysis has an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Where should the nurse draw routine blood samples?

1. AFrom the right arm
2. BFrom the left wrist
3. CFrom the fistula
4. DFrom the left hand

A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?

1. AChloride
2. BSodium
3. CPhosphate
4. DMagnesium

A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1,4 to 2,0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?

1. AReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
2. BGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
3. CRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast
4. DIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function

A patient has a continuous heparin infusion for a pulmonary embolism. A new nurse plans to adjust the infusion using today's INR of 1,1. What should the experienced nurse explain?

1. AHeparin is adjusted using the aPTT or anti-Xa level, not the INR
2. BThe INR is the correct test, and 1,1 means heparin is therapeutic
3. CHeparin needs no laboratory monitoring once the infusion is started
4. DThe INR of 1,1 means the heparin rate must be doubled at once