ورقة عمل القيم المخبرية والشوارد مع الإجابات

أي تغير في تخطيط كهربية القلب نموذجي لنقص بوتاسيوم الدم؟

1. Aارتفاع ST في اشتقاقين متجاورين أو أكثر
2. Bموجات T عالية مدببة ومركب QRS عريض
3. Cموجات دلتا وفاصل PR قصير
4. Dتسطح الموجات T وبروز الموجات U

ما المدى المرجعي النموذجي لأسمولية المصل؟

1. Aنحو 50–100 mOsm/kg
2. Bنحو 135–145 mOsm/kg
3. Cنحو 275–295 mOsm/kg
4. Dنحو 400–500 mOsm/kg

Which drug commonly causes a low serum potassium?

1. AAmiloride
2. BFurosemide
3. CSpironolactone
4. DLisinopril

أي مجموعة من العلامات تناسب فرط كالسيوم الدم؟

1. Aتكزز وتشنجات عضلية وعلامة خفوستك إيجابية
2. Bعطش مع بول مخفف جدًا كعلامتين وحيدتين
3. Cموجات T مدببة وضعف عضلي فقط
4. Dإمساك وإرهاق وتشوش وحصى كلوية

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean
2. BGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
3. CGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
4. DGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning

A patient's levothyroxine dose was changed today. When is the TSH usually rechecked?

1. AAfter about 24 hours
2. BAfter about 3 days
3. CAfter about 6–8 weeks
4. DAfter about 1 year

A patient with advanced chronic kidney disease has a mildly raised troponin that has stayed the same on several tests over months. There is no chest pain and the ECG is unchanged. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA sign of skeletal muscle injury, because troponin comes from all muscles
2. BA laboratory error, because troponin is never raised in kidney disease
3. CProof of an acute myocardial infarction that needs emergency treatment now
4. DA chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern

A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?

1. ANo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week
2. BIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
3. CCalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment
4. DFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment