ورقة عمل القيم المخبرية والشوارد مع الإجابات

Why is serum creatinine a better marker of kidney function than BUN?

1. AIt is less affected by diet, hydration and bleeding in the gut
2. BIt is not filtered by the kidneys, so its level stays very stable
3. CIt is made by the liver, so it rises in every kind of illness
4. DIt is affected mainly by protein intake, which is easy to control

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on serum calcium?

1. AIt has no effect on calcium
2. BIt only changes urine calcium
3. CIt lowers serum calcium
4. DIt raises serum calcium

What is a "critical value" (panic value) in laboratory reporting?

1. AA result that is normal but differs from the patient's last value
2. BA result so abnormal that it may threaten life and needs prompt action
3. CAny result that is slightly outside the laboratory reference range
4. DA result that the laboratory could not measure because of a bad sample

A patient with a low clinical probability of deep vein thrombosis has a normal (negative) D-dimer. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
2. BA DVT is confirmed and anticoagulation is needed
3. CThe test is useless and should always be ignored
4. DA pulmonary embolism is now certain to be present

A stool test for Clostridioides difficile is ordered. Which sample is appropriate?

1. AAny stool after a laxative dose
2. BA formed, hard stool sample
3. CA rectal swab from a patient with constipation
4. DAn unformed (liquid or soft) stool

مريض يتناول الوارفارين للرجفان الأذيني INR لديه 1,4. ماذا يعني ذلك؟

1. Aالتخثر المضاد أقل من الهدف، لذلك تزداد احتمالات الجلطات والسكتة الدماغية
2. Bالمريض معرض لخطر نزف مرتفع ويحتاج إلى فيتامين K فورًا
3. Cالجرعة مناسبة تمامًا ولا تحتاج إلى تغيير
4. Dلم يعد المريض بحاجة إلى تناول الوارفارين

A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?

1. ACalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment
2. BNo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week
3. CIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
4. DFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment

A patient in DKA is receiving IV fluids and insulin. The glucose has fallen to about 220 mg/dL (12,2 mmol/L), but the anion gap is still high. What change would the nurse expect?

1. AStop the insulin infusion because the glucose is near normal
2. BStop the IV fluids and start oral fluids only
3. CGive an IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate at once
4. DAdd dextrose to the IV fluids and continue the insulin