ورقة عمل القيم المخبرية والشوارد مع الإجابات

What does the term pancytopenia mean?

1. ALow red cells with normal platelets
2. BLow red cells, white cells and platelets
3. CHigh white cells with low platelets
4. DHigh red cells, white cells and platelets

What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 1,0–2,0
2. BAbout 7,35–7,45
3. CAbout 4,5–8,0
4. DAbout 9,0–11,0

An eGFR below which value indicates stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. A90 mL/min/1,73 m²
2. B60 mL/min/1,73 m²
3. C45 mL/min/1,73 m²
4. D15 mL/min/1,73 m²

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes
2. BIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
3. CIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
4. DIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels

Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?

1. ASo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
2. BSo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
3. CBecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
4. DBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count

Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?

1. AIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
2. BIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
3. CIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
4. DThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes

A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?

1. AMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
2. BPoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly
3. CMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid
4. DMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels

A patient admitted with heavy alcohol use and malnutrition has a glucose of 52 mg/dL (2,9 mmol/L) and low magnesium. Which prescribed treatment should be given before the IV glucose?

1. AIV potassium
2. BIV thiamine
3. COral iron
4. DIV insulin