ورقة عمل القيم المخبرية والشوارد مع الإجابات

What is the purpose of a type and crossmatch before a transfusion?

1. ATo check that donor blood is compatible with the patient's blood
2. BTo test the donor blood for bacterial contamination only
3. CTo measure how much iron is stored in the patient's bone marrow
4. DTo find out how quickly the patient's blood forms a clot

What is the main purpose of a Gram stain?

1. ATo measure exactly how many bacteria are in the blood
2. BTo test which antibiotics a bacterium is sensitive to
3. CTo detect viruses in a sample of respiratory secretions
4. DTo sort bacteria quickly into gram-positive or negative

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

1. ASodium is excreted and potassium is retained
2. BCalcium is retained and phosphate is excreted
3. CGlucose is retained and urea is excreted
4. DSodium is retained and potassium is excreted

A patient with a low clinical probability of deep vein thrombosis has a normal (negative) D-dimer. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
2. BA DVT is confirmed and anticoagulation is needed
3. CA pulmonary embolism is now certain to be present
4. DThe test is useless and should always be ignored

A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?

1. AHemoglobin A1c
2. BSerum lipase
3. CBlood glucose
4. DThyroid hormones

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
2. BIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes
3. CIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
4. DIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels

Four drug levels are reported. Which patient should the nurse assess first?

1. ALithium 1,8 mEq/L with a new coarse tremor
2. BValproate 75 mcg/mL with no symptoms
3. CDigoxin 1,0 ng/mL with a pulse of 72/min
4. DPhenytoin 15 mcg/mL with no symptoms

مريض بلا مشاكل كلوية وتخطيط قلب طبيعي، بوتاسيومه 6,2 mEq/L. يعلّق المختبر بأن العينة منحلّة (hemolyzed). ما أفضل تفسير؟

1. Aالمعالجة فورًا بالإنسولين والغلوكوز دون مزيد من الفحوص
2. Bالبوتاسيوم طبيعي بالتأكيد ولا يحتاج إلى متابعة
3. Cقد تكون النتيجة مرتفعة كاذبًا؛ يُقيَّم المريض وتُرتَّب عينة جديدة
4. Dالمريض مصاب بفشل كلوي