ورقة عمل القيم المخبرية والشوارد مع الإجابات

Why is serum creatinine a better marker of kidney function than BUN?

1. AIt is less affected by diet, hydration and bleeding in the gut
2. BIt is made by the liver, so it rises in every kind of illness
3. CIt is not filtered by the kidneys, so its level stays very stable
4. DIt is affected mainly by protein intake, which is easy to control

What is the main role of fibrinogen in the blood?

1. AIt breaks down clots once the bleeding has stopped
2. BIt carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues
3. CIt transports iron from the gut to the bone marrow
4. DIt is converted to fibrin, which forms the mesh of a clot

Which laboratory test is traditionally used to adjust a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
2. BInternational normalized ratio (INR)
3. CActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
4. DPlatelet function assay (PFA-100 test)

After surgery for colon cancer, a patient's CEA had fallen to normal, but it has been rising over the last two checks. What does this most likely suggest?

1. AA normal change after surgery that needs no follow-up
2. BPossible recurrence that needs further assessment
3. CA sure sign that the cancer has been fully cured
4. DA sign of iron deficiency from the earlier bleeding

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein
2. BTo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid
3. CTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
4. DTo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. ASend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
2. BStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
3. CAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
4. DRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges

A patient with a serum albumin of 1,9 g/dL (19 g/L) has signs of phenytoin toxicity, although the total phenytoin level is in the usual range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALow albumin stops phenytoin from crossing into the brain
2. BLow albumin makes the total level falsely high in all cases
3. CLow albumin raises the free (active) fraction of phenytoin
4. DLow albumin makes the liver clear phenytoin much faster

A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?

1. AFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment
2. BNo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week
3. CIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
4. DCalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment