ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What does the term "preload" describe?

1. AThe amount of blood left in the atria after systole
2. BThe force of contraction regardless of filling
3. CThe stretch of the ventricle at the end of filling
4. DThe resistance the ventricle pumps against

What is the correct first aid for an adult with a nosebleed?

1. ASit forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes
2. BTilt the head back and pinch the bony bridge of the nose firmly
3. CLie flat on the back with the head turned to one side for an hour
4. DBlow the nose hard to clear the clots

Together with fever, which finding should raise suspicion of infective endocarditis?

1. AA dry, tickly cough
2. BPain in one calf
3. CA new heart murmur
4. DA slow heart rate

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. AHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic
2. BBelow 0,5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
3. CNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring
4. DNormal, because the target is 0,1 mL/kg/h

Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?

1. ATo make the shock less painful for the patient
2. BTo keep the pads from burning the skin
3. CTo allow the use of a lower battery charge
4. DTo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave

Why does a large, rapidly forming pericardial effusion lower the blood pressure?

1. AIt compresses the heart and stops the ventricles filling
2. BIt makes the heart muscle contract too strongly and too fast
3. CIt dilates the arteries throughout the body
4. DIt causes the aortic valve to leak backwards into the ventricle

ضغط دم مريض معروف بارتفاع الضغط 186/112 mmHg دون أعراض ودون علامات تلف الأعضاء. أيّ استجابة هي الأنسب؟

1. Aعدم اتخاذ أي إجراء، لأن المريض يشعر بحال جيدة ولا أعراض لديه
2. Bإعادة القياس والإبلاغ وتوقع علاج فموي على مدى ساعات إلى أيام
3. Cإعطاء جرعة وريدية سريعة من خافض ضغط لبلوغ 120/80 mmHg خلال 15 دقيقة
4. Dاستدعاء فريق توقف القلب والتحضير للتنبيب

A patient with stable severe COPD has a blood gas showing pH 7,37, a raised PaCO₂ and a raised bicarbonate. How should this be interpreted?

1. AAcute respiratory acidosis needing emergency intubation
2. BChronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
3. CRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
4. DA normal blood gas with no abnormality