ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

When do the coronary arteries of the left ventricle mainly fill with blood?

1. AOnly during exercise
2. BDuring systole
3. COnly during inspiration
4. DDuring diastole

What does "myocardial infarction" mean?

1. AInflammation of the membrane that surrounds the heart
2. BDeath of heart muscle caused by a blocked blood supply
3. CTemporary chest pain with no muscle damage
4. DInfection of the heart valves

Which group of symptoms suggests obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AFever, cough and rust-coloured sputum
2. BWheeze, cough and itchy eyes that come on after exercise
3. CLoud snoring, pauses in breathing and daytime sleepiness
4. DNight sweats, weight loss and a cough lasting several weeks

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min
2. BTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
3. CTo replace a damaged heart valve
4. DTo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
3. CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
4. DIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AIt works only when given by mouth
2. BA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
3. CIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels
4. DIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it

Four hours after cardiac surgery, the mediastinal drain, which had been draining steadily, suddenly stops. BP falls to 84/60 mmHg, the heart rate rises and the CVP climbs. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ACardiac tamponade from a clotted drain
2. BFluid overload from intravenous fluids
3. CNormal recovery, as the bleeding has stopped
4. DA tension pneumothorax on the left side

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. APEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries
2. BPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
3. CPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
4. DHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart