ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What is a pneumothorax?

1. AInflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
2. BAir in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse
3. CPus collecting in the pleural space
4. DFluid in the alveoli caused by heart failure

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt moves mucus up towards the throat
2. BIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open
3. CIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
4. DIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood

Which finding on abdominal examination suggests an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA tender lump in the right iliac fossa
2. BA pulsating mass around the umbilicus
3. CA dull area that shifts when the patient turns
4. DLoud, high-pitched bowel sounds

During an episode of chest pain, a patient's ECG shows new horizontal ST depression. What does this most likely indicate?

1. AHyperkalaemia
2. BMyocardial ischaemia
3. CPericarditis
4. DA normal finding during pain

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. ANormal, because the target is 0,1 mL/kg/h
2. BNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring
3. CBelow 0,5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
4. DHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic

A patient who had a stroke has a weak swallow. Which measure most reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia?

1. AA swallowing assessment and sitting upright for meals
2. BGiving meals while the patient is drowsy
3. CGiving thin fluids quickly through a straw between meals
4. DLying flat for 30 minutes after eating to aid digestion

A patient being treated for pulmonary TB repeatedly misses doses and stops when they feel better. Which strategy is most effective?

1. AStopping treatment, as it is clearly not working for this patient
2. BDoubling the dose on the days the patient remembers to take it
3. CSwitching to a single drug to make it easier
4. DDirectly observed therapy with support for barriers to adherence

A 28-year-old woman taking the combined pill comes in breathless and anxious. RR is 30/min, heart rate 118/min and SpO₂ 90% on air. A colleague says it is a panic attack. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AShe should be sent home after a sedative
2. BBreathing into a paper bag is the best first treatment for her
3. CThe saturation is normal for an anxious person who is breathing fast
4. DLow oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded