ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What is the pleura?

1. AThe tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways where gas exchange happens
2. BThe dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen
3. CA double membrane lining the lungs and the inner chest wall
4. DThe cartilage rings of the trachea

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AStroke volume divided by heart rate
2. BSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
3. CHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
4. DMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate

أين تحدث قرحات الساق الوريدية في أغلب الأحيان؟

1. Aتحت رؤوس مشطيات القدم في باطن القدم
2. Bعلى أطراف أصابع القدم
3. Cعلى مؤخرة الكعب
4. Dفوق الكعب الإنسي (الكاحل الداخلي)

أيّ نصيحة تساعد على منع خثار الأوردة العميقة أثناء رحلة جوية طويلة أو بعد الجراحة؟

1. Aالجلوس مع تشبيك الساقين للراحة
2. Bارتداء أربطة مطاطية ضيقة أسفل الركبة مباشرة
3. Cشرب أقل لتجنب النهوض إلى المرحاض
4. Dممارسة تمارين الكاحل بانتظام وشرب سوائل كافية

Why are IV fluids given cautiously to a patient with heart failure?

1. AIV fluids directly damage the heart valves
2. BIV fluids stop diuretics from being absorbed
3. CIV fluids lower the blood pressure dangerously
4. DExtra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. AMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
2. BBoth types need no medicines after surgery
3. CBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
4. DMechanical valves wear out within one year

A patient with squamous cell lung cancer becomes confused, thirsty and constipated, with abdominal pain. Which electrolyte disturbance is most likely?

1. AHyponatraemia
2. BHypokalaemia
3. CHypercalcaemia
4. DHypomagnesaemia

A nurse teaches a patient who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will keep my follow-up appointments for device checks."
2. B"I will tell staff about the device before any MRI scan."
3. C"I will carry my pacemaker identification card with me at all times."
4. D"I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."