ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

لماذا يُوصَل مفجّر الصدر بصمام مائي (underwater seal)؟

1. Aيرشّح الماء البكتيريا من السائل أثناء تصريفه
2. Bيبرّد الماء الحيّز الجنبي الملتهب ويهدّئه
3. Cيرطّب الماء الهواء الواصل إلى الرئتين
4. Dيسمح الماء بخروج الهواء والسوائل ويمنع عودة الهواء إلى الداخل

ما الغرض من مقياس التنفس التحفيزي بعد الجراحة؟

1. Aتشجيع التنفس العميق ومنع الانخماص الرئوي
2. Bقياس تشبع الأكسجين لدى المريض
3. Cاختبار وظيفة الرئة قبل الخروج
4. Dإيصال دواء موسّع للقصبات بالرذاذ

ما أخطر مضاعفات خثار الأوردة العميقة؟

1. Aدوالي الأوردة
2. Bالتهاب الوريد الخثاري السطحي
3. Cتورم الساق بعد الخثار
4. Dالانصمام الرئوي

Why are IV fluids given cautiously to a patient with heart failure?

1. AIV fluids directly damage the heart valves
2. BIV fluids stop diuretics from being absorbed
3. CIV fluids lower the blood pressure dangerously
4. DExtra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema

A patient stops ramipril because of a troublesome dry cough. Which drug class is a common alternative?

1. AA nitrate such as isosorbide mononitrate
2. BA loop diuretic such as furosemide
3. CA non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol
4. DAn angiotensin II receptor blocker such as losartan

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass IV
2. BClass II
3. CClass I
4. DClass III

A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?

1. ADisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
2. BChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
3. CIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
4. DSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. AWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change
2. BDo extra exercise to open the airways
3. CStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
4. DFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review